Knowledge, Confidence, and Deceit in Descartes and Shakespeare :: Philosophy William Shakespeare Religion Essays

Knowledge, Confidence, and Deceit in Descartes and Shakespe beKnowledge is power, the English philosopher Francis Bacon once said1. It seems obvious thusly, that knowledge is something to be sought after, and of course it is sought after in commonplace life, in thoughts, and in fiction. However, t here(predicate) is danger in this. Bacons quote no doubt refers to true knowledge, as power rarely comes from being misled. Yet, we are misled, deceived, and betrayed when in the pursuit of knowledge. A challenge then arises how to continue in the pursuit of knowledge, something obviously necessary in life, while verifying that we are not being led astray. It seems a well thought unwrap process for collecting knowledge is in order.Any pursuit of knowledge must bulge out with either an observation by the senses, or a piece of information supplied by a third party. This starting point must be verified, and then the process must move forward using a combination of Aristotelian logic , further observations and third-party information. Whenever observations or third-party knowledge is used, it must be verified guardedly before proceeding. This process seems satisfactory, yet is much more complicated than it reveals on its skin. To further clarify the issue, some of the terms that have just been thrown about must be more specifically defined for their context. What is Aristotelian logic? This is simply the process of deducing truthful statements from other truthful statements. The main point here is that only a truth can imply a truth. Any findings based on a string of logic beginning with or including a false assumption cannot be trusted. This can lead to tricky situations in which the logic itself can be perfect and yet still yield a false result. What does it mean to verify something? This is where things get difficult. Since it is very hard to know if we actually know anything, we can never verify something completely. This concept is well out of the scope of this paper, but it is important to understand that complete verification is impossible, and endlessly inefficient, so we must be satisfied with a certain amount of verification. This wildly subjective statement poses a great problem. What is a good amount of verification? There is no answer to this question, because in fact, it differs for every situation, and even indoors a single situation, two people may apply different levels of verification.

A good man is hard to find paper -- essays research papers fc

A Good Man Is Hard To find      Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard To fall upon depicts a familys encounter with a criminal escaped from a federal penitentiary and their essential relinquishment of life. The family that the story surrounds has planned a trip to Florida for a family vacation. Knowing but unconcerned about the criminal at large, also known as the Misfit, the family voyages onward towards their destination until the trip is abruptly stopped by a totally unnecessary exploration down an unkempt, hilly and dangerous road. The dangerous road combined with the unsuspecting attack of the driver from the grand mothers cat, Pitty Sing, lands the family in a ten-foot deep ditch and in need of help. The family frantically waves down the first car to pass and little do they know that the help that they were hoping to vanquish will lead to an encounter with the Misfit and ultimately to their demise.     OConnors uses contrasting elemen ts of literature to make the story A Good Man Is Hard To Find mysterious yet p reddenedictable, and undeveloped yet totally defined. Her use of third person unknowing keeps the reader wondering but her use of foreshadowing gives the reader insight to what may occur next. The use of these two elements together keeps the reader predicting, therefore leading to an involvement with the reader and the story. The narrator lets the reader know that a criminal is on the loose, Here this fellow calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida and you read here what it says he did to these people (302). The next sentence reads, I wouldnt shrink my children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it. I couldnt answer to my conscience if I did (303) which foreshadows what is to come later in the story. OConnor also leaves many of the characters in the story very undefined except for the main two, The old woman, or the grandmother and the Misfit. OConnor spent more(prenominal) time depicting the grandmothers outfit in the beginning of the story than she did with all of the undefined characters in the whole story combined, which gave insight to the direction the grandmother was, the way she viewed herself and the way her family viewed her an old, prude, egotistical woman. She did c ar for her family, but her intentions at heart were only for herself. The... ... Misfit are bound together by the mystery of life and death. The Misfit and grandmother are spiritually connected to each other by the blood and body of Christ that are said to be given in order to on the loose(p) one of sin. When the grandmother reaches out to touch The Misfit as like a hand of god the Misfit "springs back as if a snake had bitten him and shot her trine times through the chest"(313). Flannery OConnors background as a Christian influences the themes to her stories. In A Good Man Is Hard To come out By the relationship of God to his discipl es, in this case to the grandmother is seen by his presence in her when she touches the Misfit. In the end the grandmother has gained redemption by glide path to the acceptance of God and has in some way affected the Misfit. Although he has not accepted God in any way, the Misfit seems to be thinking, The Misfits eyes were red rimmed and pale and defenseless looking (313), maybe contemplating what he thinks about himself and the worth of practicing religion. Works Cited OConnor, Flannery M. A Good Man Is Hard To Find. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. 5th ed. Boston Heinle, 2004.     

French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examples

french and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Africa is al-Qaida to countless cultures that all have their own anomalous ideas and customs. During the past couple of centuries, these cultures were threatened to the point where they almost ceased to exist. The Berlin meeting was a very important feature in Africa and Europes history. It legitimized what the European powers, mainly France and Britain, had been doing for the past ampere-second years, without the approval of any African country. During the late nineteenth century, France and Britain began imperialistic ventures into Africa, which eventually led Leopold II to attach the Congo. It was Leopolds II presence in Africa that to led the Berlin group discussion. The Berlin Conference took place first and foremost to legitimize what was already taking place in Africa (Berlin). Africa had recently experience the European countries greed. The British and the French, along with a fewer other European nations, ha d started to carve up Africa however they pleased. By 1880, about half of the coastal countries truism some type of European presence (Wessling cover). The French began to take control of Algeria and parts of Gabon and Senegal. The British occupied much of Southern Africa and parts of the western coast. Until 1884, no one could encroach upon inner Africa. Before this, the sublime countries had mainly concentrated on the coasts. By 1884 there was road connecting the Congo River to the coast, and the remaining European powers treasured in a piece of the action. The disagreements that resulted from this sudden itch to conquer Africa were what made the Berlin Conference so important (Part IV). Many reasons beyond the obvious also existed. The Berlin Conference was ... ... to an African nation. Works Cited Bennett, Norman. Africa and Europe From Roman generation to National Independence. rude(a) York Africana Publishing Co, 1984. Berlin, Conference of. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concis e capital of South Carolina Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com>. Bismarck, Otto Von. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com/>. Hugon, Anne. The Exploration of Africa from Cairo to the Cape. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991. Part IV Anti-Colonialism & Reconstruction. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline4.htm>. Sempell, Charlotte. Otto Von Bismarck.New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1972. Wessling, H. H., Divide and Rule The Partition of Africa, 1880-1914. Westport Praeger, 1991. French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examplesFrench and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Africa is home to countless cultures that all have their own unique ideas and customs. During the past couple of centuries, these cultures were threatened to the point where they almost ceased to exist. The Berlin Conf erence was a very important occurrence in Africa and Europes history. It legitimized what the European powers, mainly France and Britain, had been doing for the past hundred years, without the approval of any African country. During the late nineteenth century, France and Britain began imperialistic ventures into Africa, which eventually led Leopold II to conquer the Congo. It was Leopolds II presence in Africa that to led the Berlin Conference. The Berlin Conference took place first and foremost to legitimize what was already taking place in Africa (Berlin). Africa had recently experienced the European countries greed. The British and the French, along with a few other European nations, had started to carve up Africa however they pleased. By 1880, about half of the coastal countries saw some type of European presence (Wessling cover). The French began to take control of Algeria and parts of Gabon and Senegal. The British occupied much of Southern Africa and parts of the western co ast. Until 1884, no one could encroach upon inner Africa. Before this, the imposing countries had mainly concentrated on the coasts. By 1884 there was road connecting the Congo River to the coast, and the remaining European powers wanted in a piece of the action. The disagreements that resulted from this sudden urge to conquer Africa were what made the Berlin Conference so important (Part IV). Many reasons beyond the obvious also existed. The Berlin Conference was ... ... to an African nation. Works Cited Bennett, Norman. Africa and Europe From Roman Times to National Independence. New York Africana Publishing Co, 1984. Berlin, Conference of. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com>. Bismarck, Otto Von. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com/>. Hugon, Anne. The Exploration of Africa from Cairo to the Cape. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991. Par t IV Anti-Colonialism & Reconstruction. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline4.htm>. Sempell, Charlotte. Otto Von Bismarck.New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1972. Wessling, H. H., Divide and Rule The Partition of Africa, 1880-1914. Westport Praeger, 1991.

Slough by Sir John Betjeman Essay -- Poems Poetry Analysis

Sir John Betjemans poem, Slough, opens with a wonderful, dramatic stanza. There is huge tension amongst the ideas of cows grazing and the idea of death. Even in the opening line there is conflict friendly bombs is a contradiction in terms, as bombs argon almost never thought of as friendly, and Betjemans use of this defines what a bad place. Another tool Betjeman employs is rhythm the stanza is at a steady, predefined pace until the croak line where the rhythm is broken with the word Death, which gives a powerful image of Slough.In the second stanza, Betjeman cleverly compares peoples minds and breath to tinned products, giving everything a feeling of sanitised dullness, without fresh air. He also uses the form here, listing the everyday tinned items and then adding tinned m...

Essay --

The 20th century was a pivotal time period for psychology. During this time period many sub-disciplines of psychology were created which in essence contributed to the growth and further development of psychology. One of those sub-disciplines of psychology that seems to constantly grow and has gained momentum over the years has been forensic psychology. Although Munsterberg was not the primary to suggest that psychology should be applied to the law, instead it was Freud in 1906 during a speech to an Australian judge that there are factors within psychology that should be applied to the law. Although he was the man behind the discovery of forensic psychology and several other sub-disciplines of psychology. Munsterberg developed a Psychology lab in Harvard in 1892. Munsterberg managed to overcome obstacles and criticism and committed to the development of psychology and not only its sub-disciplines. Forensic psychology is such a complex sub-discipline of psychology, and this complexi ty makes it difficult to define. The simplest route to define forensic psychology would have to be sub-di...

Essay --

The 20th century was a pivotal time period for psychology. During this time period many sub-disciplines of psychology were created which in encumbrance contributed to the growth and further development of psychology. One of those sub-disciplines of psychology that seems to constantly grow and has gained momentum over the years has been rhetorical psychology. Although Munsterberg was not the first to suggest that psychology should be applied to the law, instead it was Freud in 1906 during a speech to an Australian judge that there are factors within psychology that should be applied to the law. Although he was the man behind the discovery of forensic psychology and several other sub-disciplines of psychology. Munsterberg developed a Psychology lab in Harvard in 1892. Munsterberg managed to overcome obstacles and reproach and committed to the development of psychology and not only its sub-disciplines. Forensic psychology is such a complex sub-discipline of psychology, and this com plexity makes it difficult to define. The simplest way to define forensic psychology would have to be sub-di...

The Aeneid of Greece by Virgil The Aeneid

The Aeneid of Greece by Virgil The Aeneid, tells the story of Aeneass journey in search of the land where he is destined to build the city that will one day become the great Roman Empire. Largely influenced by Homers Odyssey and Iliad, the Aeneid begins halfway through Aeneass journey, as he nears the city of Carthage, ruled everyplace by Dido, who built the city after fleeing from her murderous brother. King Arthur of Britain, by Howard PyleThe character of King Arthur is larger than life.He is rarely presented as truly human he is either the idealized symbol of Camelot and the virtues of the Round Table, or he is a peripheral character sometimes virtuous but rarely with a bang-up intelligence capable of seeing long-term effects and ma baron sound decisions. Whether a historical Arthur actually existed, what we are left with today is a fab character, memorable and tantalizing in his virtues and foibles. Beowulf was written in England, but is set in Scandinavia. The author is unk nown.This expansive poem describes the hero Beowulf marching with his fourteen warriors and pull in at the place of Heorot where he finds that he king of Heorot Hrothgar terrified by a monster called Grendel. Beowulf manages to kill Grendel and his monster-mother at his abode beneath a lake. later that he returns to his country and becomes the king there and rules his kingdom for fifty years. He dies of the wounds he got once during the combat fought with a dragon. Gilgamesh Is the Priest-King of the city of Uruk.He is a tyrannical king who works his people to death and takes what he wants from them. He kills the young men at will and uses the women as he pleases. The people of Uruk cry out to the gods for swear out so that they can have peace. Ramayana is the immortal tale of Shri Rama that teaches us the values of ideology, devotion, duty, relationships, dharma and karma. Biag ni Lam-ang (Tagalog Buhay ni Lam-ang) ay isang epikong tula ng mga Ilokano mula sa rehiyon ng Iloko s sa Pilipinas.Sinalaysay at sinulat sa orihinal na wikang Ilokano, pinapaniwalaang na pinaghalong gawa ito ng ibat ibang mga lumilikha ng tula na pinasa sa pamamagitan ng mga salinlahi, at unang sinulat noong 1640 ng isang bulag na manunula na si Pedro Bucaneg. Ibalon Author Fr. Jose Castano May tatlong mga bayani sa epiking ito Baltog, Handyong, at Bantong. Unang bayaning dumating sa lupang ibalong ay si Baltog at sya ang nagpayaman ng bukid.Ang pangalawang bayani na dumating sa ibalon ay si Handyong, nakipaglaban siya kasama ng kanyang mga tao sa libu-libong mga giyera at digma. At si bantong ang namuno sa pag patay sa kalahating tao, at kalahating halimaw na c Rabot. Analysis The difference between western and eastern epic, the eastern epic involves the story about Indians and Philippines but in western epic they start from the medieval ages and it involve the story about the gods and the goddess.

Mgt/311 Motivation Strategy Plan Essay

AbstractThis paper will review the motivational strategies that vanquish suits each of the three employees based on their characteristics. I would go on to describe the motivational strategies I suffer chosen and why they would suit theses three individuals. This paper will also battery-acid out the motivational theories that are best connected to the motivational strategies I have choseI have come up with motivational strategies that I matte was appropriate for all three individuals based on their portfolio from their self-assessments and their characteristics. In order to do this I had to evaluate each of the individuals characteristics and see what best suited their interests. Mike is able to serve reasonable decisions exactly could at times make rash decisions which could have a negative affect the modality he makes decisions regarding his line of reasoning. He lacks self-motivation when it comes to his employment. Mike is mildly emotional although it he may become overwh elmed under pressure. He has a relatively positive emotional lookout man when it comes to his labor. Mia tends be able to valuable decisions regarding her life and job which is a positive feature for her job. She also tends to be self-motivated but may become bored with her job from time to time. Mia emotions could interfere with job cogitate issues because she seems to be highly emotional. She is able to march under little to no supervision Positive emotional mental capacity about her job but this could fluctuate depending on stress aim which means she would be open and receptive to helping others. Ray has a advantageously since of direction when it comes to making decisions he too could work well under little to no supervision. He tends to be self-motivated but may need a boost here and there due to lack of interest. Like Mike Ray tend to have mild emotional reactions to job duties and job related stress but seems to be able to regulate his emotions. Great positive emotiona l outlook toward his job and tend to be very helpful to others. there are a few motivational strategies that I have chosen these strategiesare in place to suit each of the three individuals. The strategies I have chosen is merit based make plan, flexible benefits, employee recognition, employee involvement programs and bonuses. Each of the individuals characteristics that benefits from one or all of these choices. The merit based pay plan would help the individual engage in their jobs better because great performance equals a great raise. Flexible benefits also helps them to choose benefit packet boat that best suits their individual needs, this is seen as a perk of the job. Employee recognition would suit each of the individuals because this would help them feel good about the work they are doing and would make them require to keep doing a great job, it would also boost their confidence. Employee involvement is another strategy I would use because this would give the individuals to become more twisty with not only their assigned job but with other things in the company as well.This would also help them to do things out side of their job and expand their knowledge. Lastly I chose bonuses I feel as if the company is doing well it would be because of the employees and the bonuses would also give the individuals something to look forward to and help them to want to keep up their performance because if their performance goes down the production of the company goes down and so will the bonuses (Robbins and Judge, 2011). The two motivational theories that are connected to my motivational strategies are two, factor theory and expectancy theory. According to Robbins and Judge (2011) expectancy theory is a theory that believes that employees would be motivated to a high level of effort when they feel as if it would lead to a better performance appraisal. The two motivational theories believe that a person is basic and their attitude towards their work could determi ne their success or failure (Robbins and Judge, 2011). With my strategy I not only want the individuals to have a good attitude towards their job but to also feel appreciated for doing their work.ReferencesRobbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational Behavior (14th Ed.). River, N.J.Pearson/Prentice Hall.University of Phoenix. Employee Portfolio Motivation Action Plan. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 Organizational Development website.

Investment and Retirement Planning Essay

Introduction Retirement is the point where a mortal is not in any kind of employment / chore/occupation. This usu exclusivelyy happens upon reaching a determined age, when physical conditions do not allow the person to work any more. Retirement could also be due(p) to personal choice-either due to adequate pension or personal savings or due to a regular unearned income like interest, rents etc. The hideaway age varies from country to country but it is generally between 55 and 70. Certain speculates, which be of dangerous nature or of fatiguing nature, may have an precedent loneliness age.Support and Funds Retired persons support themselves either through superannuation, pensions, savings or through family (earning children), as in Indian families. In some otherwise countries the organization provides the pension benefit to all its citizens.Retirement political platformning Retirement pecuniary purposening refers to a collection of systems, methods and processes which support a family units ( thickenings) desire to achieve a state of financial independence. It is a process of determining the financial goals at the point of retirement. It requires constant monitoring of the progress of the plan and then taking adequate remedial measuresNeed For Retirement Planning increase brio Span Low Returns In Conventional Modes Of Savings. Unintended Contingencies. Increasing Medical Cost. Diminishing Trend Of Joint Family System Inflationary Trends Absence Of Social Security Benefits By The State Pursuing Hobbies Falling Interest gradeSteps In Retirement Planning Decision retirement about the retirement age option. Setting of financial goals Saving of relevant amounts w.r.t. goals Investing in appropriate modes Calculation of net worth Regular monitoring of financial plan and incorporate the necessary amendments in the plan.Factors Affecting Retirement Planning lifetime style Personal values Nature of income- salaried, business or profes sional stable job/non-stable job private job/government job bend of years left for taking retirement Inflation rate Present net worth of a person Risk appetite of a person Services of a certified financial planner Conviction in the retirement planning effort Seriousness & perseverance for retirement planningLife Expectancy & Career StabilityLIFE EXPECTANCY Life expectancy is the major ruler of retirement planning. As per the Indian context, still the importance of retirement planning is not distinctly identified. With the increasing life expectancy, high standards of living and high expectations for the upcoming future, pressure is building up for fund allocation, to meet up the needs of retirement. Longevity of life expectancy has to be kept in mind while making out a retirement plan. Key factors to be evaluated while making out a retirement plan are present life style, income and capacity to save, family circumstances, level of inflation prevailing in the saving & the standard one would like to maintain at the time of post retirementINDIA & RETIREMENT PLANNING 90% per cent of Indias total running(a) population is not covered for postretirement life. The main objective of retirement planning is to create a well funded and safe future for the client. Financial needs of the client needs to be clubbed between his/her stream income and post retirement white plague. To maintain up current life style one has to plan to save intimately 65 to 85% of current income.Life Cycle E very(prenominal) contour of life cycle has a different level of income, expenditure and saving. The first phase of life cycle is the childhood where an one-on-one has no earnings but certain amount of money is spent on him/her (school fees, clothing, food etc). Second introduce comes where the individual may or may not start his real earnings or a stable life. In the third stage an individual enters a stable career and has good amount of earnings to save and start planni ng for his/her retirement Fourth & fifth stage is time peak to save maximum and allocate maximum funds for the retirement planning. In the sixth stage comes the old age. At this stage the savings tend to trim down because of medical expenses, new expenses related to old age etc. The last two stages of the life cycle is the retirement period where the saving are utilised to cover the real retirement years or retirement be.Career Stability Career stability is one of the most chief(prenominal) factor which blankly needs to be evaluated to develop a retirement plan. Fund allocation for retirement is done with the help of surplus earnings of an individual during his/her pre-retirement period. Stable career and in return stable earnings provides a scope for having well planned and organized retirement plan Employers also have a important role in retirement planning as they contribute in pension plans other contribution plans etc. Career stability helps to draw clear anticipatio n of future earnings can be which helps in retirement planningMajor Factors Affecting Career Stability line of business Satisfaction Job satisfaction covers the factors like the level of pay and benefits, the perceived fairness of the promotion system within a company, the quality of the working conditions, leadership and social relationships, and the job itself. Alternative opportunities If the market is opening up for new jobs and careers and individual can provide his works onto those opportunities the career stability can embark for changes. Employer-Employee Relationship This out covers the factors like loyalty of an individual towards the employer, future protection provided by the employer, motivation, leadership, timely appraisals. Changing economic conditions The economic conditions of a country like recession cycles, growing sectors, problems related to any particular sector private and public ownership etc also affects the career stability. There are also various po licies and economic strategies of government related to employment & foreign investments etc which have a direct affect on employment scenario.PRE-RETIREMENT COUNSELLINGIntroduction It is an planning. interactive part of retirement In pre-retirement counseling all the basics of the retirement plan are drafted as per the needs and expectations of the client and as per the clients present and anticipated financial conditions. Financial planner has to clearly evaluate the needs, attitude & lifestyle of the client to have a strong and trustworthy relationship with the client.Steps For Retirement Plan Inauguration Of Retirement Plan Inauguration of retirement plan would depend on life expectancy. If the client starts accumulating funds for his/her retirement early, with small savings & little burden he will be able to achieve the goal. Desired Retirement Status This would involve budgeting, income sources and proper asset management etc. Estimated expenditure and sources of income dur ing the retirement years to the client have to be evaluated properly. Retirement Expenses & Sources Of Income Clear identification of all the costs & incomes has to be made. Provisions for allocating 65 to 70% of current income for the retirement period should be drawn.Insurance With Retirement Planning Insurance plans with a cash back or whole life insurance are suitable because they provide insurance as long as the premiums are paid and also accumulates savings, thus it has a cash value. It also helps to pay withdraw uncovered medical costs, funeral expenses & also acts as an income replacement for survivors. With increasing life expectancy, and other challenges a life insurance can provide a life-long, worry-free retirement and insurance protection. Major expenses of the retirement years are the health care costs, health insurance can act as a helping hold in that case to meet up these costs.26/30Estate Planning With Retirement Planning Estate planning is the process of accum ulating and disposing of an estate to increase the returns of the estate owner. Various tools of estate planning are used like Wills, Trusts, Gifts, Contributions & proper evaluation of Estate taxes. Estate planning should maintain out the costs of the property and should develop an estate plan to give proper and safe income generation. Estate plan will cover all the legal formalities and all the documentation regarding future transactions.Tax Planning With Retirement Planning Savings and investments are interconnected. Proper management of savings and investment results to tax benefits and these become very important at the time of retirement. Retirement planner must clearly evaluate the aspects of its liquidity, security, and the most important one the return and tax income over much(prenominal) investments. Proper tax planning can itself prove out to be a saving tool because with effective tax planning is basic ground for effective retirement planning.

Internet Security Essay

The key techniques to the most affordable website security would be the casual features of the website for the purpose of safeguarding the website content and the transactions that are to be made for fulfilling the ecommerce objectives of the website. The following can be credited to the diverse ways to secure the website and customer tuition for the Grandmas Treats website Web content security It forms the greater dower of the security as they are aimed at non-representation or illegal presentation of false content that a user is not expected to see.The term baffle site scripting (or XSS) is often used in conjunction with the web content and links that are to be secured for a website. Acunetix (2007) own product Acunetix Web vulnerability Scanner is easily downloadable and comes free. Using that one could scan their website for any such flaws. Directory traversal attacks The directory traversal attacks are quite common where the links are traversed to a very different path where the information flows to the hackers. It is due to the malfunction of the codes at the client and server sides.The code efficiency and link path requires to be look into periodically so that one is able to redesign and test the system for any malfunction. SQL injection It is another method where intruders are capable to draw information from one website using SQL languages to illegally fetch customers selective information for obtaining their financial information or to manipulate information for wrong use. The website mustiness be checked periodically for such incidents and must also make confident(predicate) that customer records are encrypted using 128 bit security layers at the database side.The database security must be checked for getting sure that no such activity is evident. The customers financial information would be encrypted to hide it from easy attack from hackers. E-commerce transactions security The use of SSL 3. 0 makes sure that all vulnerabilities regarding th e tapping of information so that ones purchases are safe in all respects. The use of this protocol makes sure that a secured channel is followed for dialogue between the client communicating clients.The use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) is important and can be enabled for any website for securing the communication to the communicating clients. IETF (2007) explains that TLS composes of point to point authentication techniques and communications privacy over the internet strengthening the encryption. 1. Web server checks and database security checks The periodic checks are do to put a check on performance of the website and database usage. All the relevant links and database security is checked for overall assurance.2. Database backup The database backup plans must be devised accordingly for keeping the records safe to protect against unforeseen disasters (Navathe, 2002). These simple tips would be helpful for the website to take care of the affordable needs for security and cus tomer data protection so that one is able to safely carry out transactions over the internet.ReferencesAcunetix (2007). Web Site Security Center Check & tool Web Site Security. Retrieved 16, December 2007 from http//www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/

A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-nine

TyrionThey execute about my son, Tywin Lannister state.They do, my lord. The messengers voice was dulled by exhaustion. On the breast of his mangled surcoat, the brindled boar of Crakeh each(prenominal) was half-obscured by dried blood.One of your sons, Tyrion thought. He took a sip of wine and express not a word, speak uping of Jaime. When he get up his arm, pain shot by dint of his elbow, reminding him of his own brief taste of battle. He loved his companion, however he would not have wanted to be with him in the Whispering Wood for all the gold in Casterly shake up.His lord sustains assembled captains and banner men had fallen very(prenominal) quiet as the courier told his tale. The only sound was the crackle and hoot of the log burning in the hearth at the end of the long, drafty common room.After the weightyships of the long relentless drive south, the prospect of even a single night in an inn had cheered Tyrion readinessily . . . though he rather wished it had no t been this inn again, with all its memories. His father had set a ponderous pace, and it had taken its toll. Men wounded in the battle kept up as best they could or were aband angiotensin converting enzymed to fend for themselves. Every morning they go away a few more by the roadside, men who went to sleep never to wake. Every afternoon a few more collapsed along the way. And every level a few more deserted, stealing off into the dusk. Tyrion had been half-tempted to go with them.He had been upstairs, enjoying the comfort of a featherbed and the warmth of Shaes body beside him, when his squire had woken him to say that a rider had arrived with dire news of Riverrun. So it had all been for nothing. The rush south, the endless forced marches, the bodies left beside the road . . . all for naught. Robb Stark had r to each oneed Riverrun days and days ago.How could this bring back-up the ghost? Ser Harys Swyft moaned. How? Even after the Whispering Wood, you had Riverrun ringed in iron, surrounded by a great host . . . what madness made Ser Jaime decide to split his men into three separate camps? Surely he knew how vulnerable that would leave them?Better than you, you chinless craven, Tyrion thought. Jaime might have lost Riverrun, but it angered him to hear his brother slandered by the similars of Swyft, a shameless lickspittle whose greatest accomplishment was marrying his equally chinless daughter to Ser Kevan, and thereby attaching himself to the Lannisters.I would have done the same, his uncle responded, a good sell more calmly than Tyrion might have. You have never seen Riverrun, Ser Harys, or you would know that Jaime had little choice in the matter. The castle is situated at the end of the top dog of land where the Tumblestone flows into the Red Fork of the Trident. The rivers form ii sides of a triangle, and when danger threatens, the Tullys open their sluice gates upstream to create a wide fosse on the third side, turning Riverrun into an island . The walls rise sheer from the water, and from their towers the defenders have a commanding view of the opposite shores for many leagues around. To cut off all the approaches, a besieger must needs place one camp north of the Tumblestone, one south of the Red Fork, and a third between the rivers, westside of the moat. There is no other way, none.Ser Kevan speaks genuinely, my lords, the courier said. Wed built palisades of sharpened stakes around the camps, yet it was not enough, not with no example and the rivers cutting us off from each other. They came down on the north camp first. No one was expecting an attack. Marq Piper had been raiding our supply trains, but he had no more than fifty men. Ser Jaime had at ataraxis(p) out to deal with them the night before . . . well, with what we thought was them. We were told the Stark host was east of the Green Fork, marching south . . . And your outriders? Ser Gregor Cleganes boldness might have been hew from rock. The fire in the hearth gave a somber orange cast to his skin and put cabalistic shadows in the hollows of his eyes. They truism nothing? They gave you no warning?The bloodstained messenger shook his encephalon. Our outriders had been vanishing. Marq Pipers work, we thought. The ones who did come back had seen nothing.A man who sees nothing has no use for his eyes, the Mountain decl ard. Cut them out and give them to your future(a) outrider. Tell him you hope that four eyes might see better than two . . . and if not, the man after him give have six. nobleman Tywin Lannister turned his face to study Ser Gregor. Tyrion saw a glimmer of gold as the light shone off his fathers pupils, but he could not have said whether the look was one of approval or disgust. original Tywin was oft quiet in council, preferring to listen before he spoke, a habit Tyrion himself tried to emulate. Yet this silence was untypical even for him, and his wine was untouched.You said they came at night, Ser Kevan prompted. The man gave a weary nod. The Blackfish led the van, cutting down our sentries and clearing away the palisades for the main assault. By the clipping our men knew what was relegateing, riders were pouring over the ditch banks and galloping through the camp with swords and torches in mickle. I was sleeping in the west camp, between the rivers. When we comprehend the flake and saw the tents being fired, Lord Brax led us to the rafts and we tried to pole across, but the current pushed us downstream and the Tullys started flinging rocks at us with the catapults on their walls. I saw one raft smashed to kindling and three others overturned, men swept into the river and drowned . . . and those who did let it across found the Starks waiting for them on the riverbanks.Ser Flement Brax wore a silver-and-purple tabard and the look of a man who wadnot comprehend what he has just heard. My lord fatherSorry, my lord, the messenger said. Lord Brax was clad in plate-and-mail when his raft ov erturned. He was very gallant.He was a fool, Tyrion thought, swirling his transfuse and staring down into the winy depths. Crossing a river at night on a crude raft, wearing armor, with an foeman waiting on the other sideif that was gallantry, he would take cowardice every time. He wondered if Lord Brax had felt especially gallant as the weight unit of his steel pulled him under the black water.The camp between the rivers was overrun as well, the messenger was saying. While we were trying to cross, more Starks swept in from the west, two columns of fit out horse. I saw Lord Umbers giant-in-chains and the Mallister eagle, but it was the boy who led them, with a monstrous wolf running at his side. I wasnt there to see, but its said the beast killed four men and ripped apart a dozen horses. Our spearmen formed up a shieldwall and held against their first charge, but when the Tullys saw them engaged, they opened the gates of Riverrun and Tytos blackwood tree led a sortie across the drawbridge and took them in the rear.Gods save us, Lord Lefford swore.Greatjon Umber fired the siege towers we were building, and Lord Blackwood found Ser Edmure Tully in chains among the other captives, and made off with them all. Our south camp was under the command of Ser Forley Prester. He retreated in good order when he saw that the other camps were lost, with two thousand spears and as many bowmen, but the Tyroshi sellsword who led his freeriders struck his banners and went over to the foe.Curse the man. His uncle Kevan sounded more angry than surprised. I warned Jaime not to boldness that one. A man who fights for coin is loyal only to his purse.Lord Tywin wove his fingers together under his chin. Only his eyes moved as he listened. His bristling golden side-whiskers framed a face so still it might have been a mask, but Tyrion could see tiny beads of sweat dappling his fathers shaven head.How could it happen? Ser Harys Swyft wailed again. Ser Jaime taken, the siege broken . . . this is a catastropheSer Addam Marbrand said, I am sure we argon all grateful to you for pointing out the obvious, Ser Harys. The question is, what shall we do about it?What can we do? Jaimes host is all slaughtered or taken or put to flight, and the Starks and the Tullys sit squarely across our line of supply. We are cut off from the west They can march on Casterly Rock if they so choose, and whats to stop them? My lords, we are beaten. We must sue for peace.Peace? Tyrion swirled his wine thoughtfully, took a deep draft, and hurled his empty cup to the floor, where it shattered into a thousand pieces. Theres your peace, Ser Harys. My sweet nephew broke it for good and all when he decided to or promisent the Red Keep with Lord Eddards head. Youll have an easier time drinking wine from that cup than you will convincing Robb Stark to make peace now. Hes winning . . . or hadnt you noticed?Two battles do not make a war, Ser Addam insisted. We are far from lost. I should welcome the chance to try my own steel against this Stark boy.Perhaps they would consent to a truce, and allow us to trade our prisoners for theirs, offered Lord Lefford.Unless they trade three-for-one, we still come out light on those scales, Tyrion said acidly. And what are we to offer for my brother? Lord Eddards rotting head?I had heard that Queen Cersei has the Hands daughters, Lefford said hopefully. If we give the lad his sisters back . . . Ser Addam snorted disdainfully. He would have to be an utter ass to trade Jaime Lannisters life for two girls.Then we must ransom Ser Jaime, whatever it costs, Lord Lefford said.Tyrion rolled his eyes. If the Starks feel the need for gold, they can melt down Jaimes armor.if we ask for a truce, they will think us weak, Ser Addarn argued. We should march on them at once.Surely our friends at court could be prevailed upon to join us with fresh troops, said Ser Harys. And someone might strike to Casterly Rock to raise a new host.Lord Tywin Lannister ros e to his feet. They have my son, he said once more, in a voice that cut through the babble like a sword through suet. Leave me. All of you.Ever the soul of obedience, Tyrion rose to depart with the rest, but his father gave him a look. not you, Tyrion. Remain. And you as well, Kevan. The rest of you, out.Tyrion eased himself back onto the bench, startled into speechlessness. Ser Kevan crossed the room to the wine casks. Uncle, Tyrion called, if you would be so kindHere. His father offered him his cup, the wine untouched. Now Tyrion truly was nonplussed. He drank.Lord Tywin seated himself. You have the right of it about Stark. Alive, we might have used Lord Eddard to forge a peace with Winterfell and Riverrun, a peace that would have given us the time we need to deal with Roberts brothers. Dead . . . His hand curled into a fist. Madness. Rank madness.Joffs only a boy, Tyrion pointed out. At his age, I committed a few follies of my own.His father gave him a sharp look. I suppose we o ught to be grateful that he has not yet married a whore.Tyrion sipped at his wine, wondering how Lord Tywin would look if he flung the cup in his face.Our position is worse than you know, his father went on. It would seem we have a new king.Ser Kevan looked poleaxed. A newwho? What have they done to Joffrey?The faintest flicker of distaste played across Lord Tywins thin lips. Nothing . . . yet. My grandson still sits the Iron Throne, but the eunuch has heard whispers from the south. Renly Baratheon wed Margaery Tyrell at Highgarden this fortnight past, and now he has claimed the crown. The brides father and brothers have bent the knee and sworn him their swords.Those are grave tidings. When Ser Kevan frowned, the furrows in his brow grew deep as canyons.My daughter commands us to ride for Kings Landing at once, to defend the Red Keep against King Renly and the Knight of Flowers. His mouth tightened. Commands us, mind you. In the name of the king and council.How is King Joffrey takin g the news? Tyrion asked with a certain black amusement.Cersei has not seen fit to tell him yet, Lord Tywin said. She fears he might insist on marching against Renly himself.With what army? Tyrion asked. You dont plan to give him this one, I hope?He talks of leading the City Watch, Lord Tywin said.If he takes the Watch, hell leave the city undefended, Ser Kevan said. And with Lord Stannis on Dragonstone . . . Yes. Lord Tywin looked down at his son. I had thought you were the one made for motley, Tyrion, but it would appear that I was wrong.Why, Father, said Tyrion, that almost sounds like praise. He leaned forward intently. What of Stannis? Hes the elder, not Renly. How does he feel about his brothers claim?His father frowned. I have felt from the beginning that Stannis was a greater danger than all the others combined. Yet he does nothing. Oh, Varys hears his whispers. Stannis is building ships, Stannis is hiring sellswords, Stannis is bringing a shadowbinder from Asshai. What does it mean? Is any of it true? He gave an irritated shrug. Kevan, bring us the map.Ser Kevan did as he was bid. Lord Tywin unrolled the leather, smoothing it flat. Jaime has left us in a bad way. Roose Bolton and the remnants of his host are north of us. Our enemies kibosh the Twins and Moat Cailin. Robb Stark sits to the west, so we cannot retreat to Lannisport and the Rock unless we choose to give battle. Jaime is taken, and his army for all purposes has ceased to exist. Thoros of Myr and Beric Dondarrion continue to plague our foraging parties. To our east we have the Arryns, Stannis Baratheon sits on Dragonstone, and in the south Highgarden and Storms End are employment their banners.Tyrion smiled crookedly. Take heart, Father. At least Rhaegar Targaryen is still dead.I had hoped you might have more to offer us than japes, Tyrion, Lord Tywin Lannister said.Ser Kevan frowned over the map, forehead creasing. Robb Stark will have Edmure Tully and the lords of the Trident with him n ow. Their combined power may exceed our own. And with Roose Bolton behind us . . . Tywin, if we remain here, I fear we might be caught between three armies.I have no intention of remaining here. We must finish our business with young Lord Stark before Renly Baratheon can march from Highgarden. Bolton does not consult me. He is a wary man, and we made him warier on the Green Fork. He will be slow to give pursuit. So . . . on the morrow, we make for Harrenhal. Kevan, I want Ser Addams outriders to screen our movements. Give him as many men as he requires, and send them out in groups of four. I will have no vanishings.As you say, my lord, but . . . why Harrenhal? That is a grim, unlucky place. Some call it cursed.Let them, Lord Tywin said. Unleash Ser Gregor and send him before us with his reavers. Send ahead Vargo Hoat and his freeriders as well, and Ser Amory Lorch. Each is to have three hundred horse. Tell them I want to see the riverlands afire from the Gods Eye to the Red Fork.T hey will burn, my lord, Ser Kevan said, rising. I shall give the commands. He bowed and made for the door.When they were alone, Lord Tywin glanced at Tyrion. Your savages might relish a bit of rapine. Tell them they may ride with Vargo Hoat and plunder as they likegoods, stock, women, they may take what they want and burn the rest.Telling Shagga and Timett how to pillage is like telling a rooster how to crow, Tyrion commented, but I should prefer to keep them with me. gawky and unruly they might be, yet the wildlings were his, and he trusted them more than any of his fathers men. He was not about to hand them over.Then you had best learn to maneuver them. I will not have the city plundered.The city? Tyrion was lost. What city would that be?Kings Landing. I am sending you to court.It was the last thing Tyrion Lannister would ever have anticipated.He reached for his wine, and considered for a moment as he sipped. And what am I to do there?Rule, his father said curtlyTyrion hooted wi th laughter. My sweet sister might have a word or two to say about thatLet her say what she likes. Her son needs to be taken in hand before he ruins us all. I blame those jackanapes on the councilour friend Petyr, the venerable Grand Maester, and that cockless wonder Lord Varys. What sort of counsel are they giving Joffrey when he lurches from one folly to the next? Whose notion was it to make this Janos Slynt a lord? The mans father was a butcher, and they grant him Harrenhal. Harrenhal, that was the seat of kings Not that he will ever set foot inside it, if I have a say. I am told he took a bloody spear for his sigil. A bloody cleaver would have been my choice. His father had not raised his voice, yet Tyrion could see the anger in the gold of his eyes. And dismissing Selmy, where was the sense in that? Yes, the man was old, but the name of Barristan the Bold still has meaning in the realm. He lent honor to any man he served. Can anyone say the same of the chase after? You feed yo ur dog bones under the table, you do not seat him beside you on the high bench. He pointed a finger at Tyrions face. If Cersei cannot curb the boy, you must. And if these councillors are playing us false . . . Tyrion knew. Spikes, he sighed. Heads. Walls.I see you have taken a few lessons from me.More than you know, Father, Tyrion answered quietly. He finished his wine and set the cup aside, thoughtful. A part of him was more pleased than he cared to admit. Another part was remembering the battle upriver, and wondering if he was being sent to hold the left again. Why me? he asked, cocking his head to one side. Why not my uncle? Why not Ser Addam or Ser Flement or Lord Serrett? Why not a . . . bigger man?Lord Tywin rose abruptly. You are my son.That was when he knew. You have given him up for lost, he thought. You bloody bastard, you think Jaimes good as dead, so Im all you have left. Tyrion wanted to slap him, to spit in his face, to draw his dagger and cut the heart out of him and see if it was made of old hard gold, the way the smallfolks said. Yet he sat there, silent and still.The shards of the broken cup crunched beneath his fathers heels as Lord Tywin crossed the room. One last thing, he said at the door. You will not take the whore to court.Tyrion sat alone in the common room for a long while after his father was gone. Finally he climbed the steps to his cozy garret beneath the bell tower. The ceiling was low, but that was scarcely a drawback for a dwarf. From the window, he could see the crucify his father had erected in the yard. The innkeeps body turned slowly on its rope whenever the night wind gusted. Her flesh had grown as thin and ragged as Lannister hopes.Shae murmured sleepily and rolled toward him when he sat on the edge of the featherbed. He slid his hand under the blanket and cupped a soft breast, and her eyes opened. Mlord, she said with a drowsy smile.When he felt her nipple stiffen, Tyrion kissed her. I have a mind to take you to Kings L anding, sweetling, he whispered.

Policies and Procedures Essay

One employee was experiencing personal problems she recently gave birth and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time, she has to deal with estrangement from her partner. Another employee step in to do the work of the troubled one, doing her assigned tasks and assuming all responsibilities for her, without prior permission of the supervisor. Although the intentions of the sympathetic employee are noble, the mistake of the set-up is that one employee should not raise the responsibilities of another without going through the formal channels of authority.Every employee is hired to accomplish tasks within his job description and could only assume other responsibilities chthonian the authority and consent of a higher office such as the supervisor or division manager, and even then, only if the superior thinks that the other employee could transact beyond and more than what he was hired and being paid to do. If I were the head of the organization where the said incident happened, I would ensure to prevent the same from happening again.Although the second employee could commit the job of the problematic employee, I would not be appeased knowing that my people are switching jobs and making decisions without the prior noesis of a supervisor. They are simply driven to the act by their personal instincts rather than as sanctioned by the party. The distri stillion of tasks in a companion should be directed by a certain structure that eliminates as much as possible, if not completely, whimsical or emotion-driven decisions by the staff that falsify expected routines.Firstly, I would institute a polity, or reiterate through a memorandum if a certain policy has already been included in the staff guidebook only it is hidden among the hundreds of other rules there, that no employee should undertake the responsibilities of other employees even if both employees occupy the same rung in the company hierarchy and thus, have similar job descriptions. Responsibilities carry th eir respective accountabilities.If the substitute performs poorly or make a serious mistake, he should be held responsible along with his superior who assigned him to do the task. Substitution of tasks if ever it is needed should be made official and accompanied with the corresponding paperwork so that the substitute go out not only assume responsibility for the additional assigned task including the blame for any mistake committed and reward for any achievement attained, but also get remuneration for it.Those who disobey this policy would be sanctioned with a written and verbal warning. Continued violation would affect the regular cognitive process evaluation of the offender and in turn, his future prospects with the company. For employees with personal problems, I would hire a part-time psychologist as part of the clinic staff so that these employees would be further to open up about personal troubles that may affect their jobs without fear of getting fired or their pay being modify from non-performance or incur absences.A psychologist could also guide employees to deal with their personal problems while not neglecting their duties. In consonance to this, I will also make it another policy of the company that no employee should be fired or fined for having personal problems that may affect his performance on the job unless the problems would permanently make him unable to perform it for the rest of his life although these troubled employee would be asked to avail of the company-provided professional help.For problems that would affect the financial stability of the worker, the company would also institute a low-interest loan scheme. The conclusion of these programs is to make the employee feel valued so that they would be more open and unafraid to approach upper management if they think that their performance is being affected or would be affected by their personal problems.

Policing in American Society

Policing in Ameri tin Society Kathleen Kloos CJA 214 November 8, 2011 Douglas Edwards Policing in American Society The relationship between the U. S. organisation and all policing organizations throughout the U. S. is necessary because policing organizations cannot function without government support. Government provides support in the form of training, civilian staff, funding, corrections, and judicial support (Grant, 2008). Administrative support from the U. S. overnment can be seen by looking at the Office of the Coroner, which has the responsibility to investigate violent or suspicious deaths. This office determines cause of death and provides the proof of a homicide, or crime, to the law enforcement agency to pursue criminal charges. U. D. government changed their structure in regards to law enforcement and investigation after the events of September 11, 2001. Many departments and agencies became restructured to answer to both the Department of Homeland Security or the Departm ent of Justice (Grant, 2008.The Department of Homeland Security oversees Customs and Border Protection Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Transportation Security Administration (TSA) U. S. Coast Guard U. S. Secret Service The Department of Justice is in charge of dose Enforcement Administration Federal Bureau of Investigation Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives U. S. Marshals Service Federal Bureau of Prisons The relationship between the U. S. government and policing agencies can be describe as co-dependent.Neither can exist without the other. Decisions handed down by the U. S. Supreme court dictate future police procedures. Cases such as Mapp v. Ohio, Miranda v. Arizona, and Fuhrman v. Georgia expect changed the way police agencies investigate and charge offenders who eventually end up in prison. Police are no longitudinal able to question a suspect without first advising the suspect of their Miranda rights (Mir anda v. Arizona). Illegal search and seizure is no longer admissible in court (Mapp v. Ohio).Cruel and unusual punishment is no longer tolerated (Fuhrman v. Georgia) (AllGov, 2011). The criminal justice system exists by making each branch dependent upon the other. Police agencies investigate the crime, take custody of the suspect, recommend charges to be filed against the offender, and so hand the case off to the judicial branch to adjudicate. Once the case has been tried, if the defendant has been convicted, or pled guilty, the corrections department takes over and makes sure the defendant serves his/her sentence.The pertain of this relationship on American society insures that the citizens of this country feel safe. The impact shows criminals that society will not tolerate crimes against society. This relationship is a constant break away in progress. Just like any relationship. References Gov, A. (2011). AllGov. Retrieved from http//www. allgov. com/Agency/Federal_Law_Enforcem ent_Training_Center Grant, H. B. , & Terry, K. J. (2008). Law Enforcement in the 21st Century (2nd ed. ). Unknown, AZ Pearson Education.

Shadow Kiss Chapter 14

FourteenABOUT A HALF HOUR forwards my misgiving was scheduled to go off the next morning, I hear a knock at my door. I expected it to be Lissa, nevertheless a sleepy check of our adhesion showed that she was salve fast asleep. Puzzled, I staggered come forward of the bed and opened the door. A Moroi girl I didnt recognize handed me some folded c managehe with a n bingle attached. I wondered if I should tip her or something, scarce she left too rapidly for me to react.I sat back on my bed and unfolded the clothing. Black slacks, white blouse, and a black jacket. It was the homogeneous ensemble that the other protectors wore around present, and it was in my size. Wow. I was about to become leave-taking of the team. A lento grin spread everyplace my face, and I opened the none. It was in Dimitris writing Wear your hair up.The grin stayed on my face. A lot of female guardians cut their hair to show off their molnija marks. Id reluctantly considered it once, and Dimitri had told me not to. He loved my hair and had told me to wear it up. The vogue hed express it back whence had succumbn me chills, equitable uniform now.An hour later, I was on my way to the trial with Lissa, Christian, and Eddie. Some unitary had rustled up a black and white outfit for Eddie too, and I think we both pleasing of entangle same(p) kids playing dress-up with their parents clothing. My cropped jacket and stretchable blouse were actu each(prenominal)y pretty cute, and I wondered if Id be able to bring these back with me.The motor lodge was over in the large, ornate building wed passed upon arrival. Walking through its halls, I saw a mix of the old and the naked as a jaybird. Outside, it was all arched windows and stone spires. Inside, it was a hub of modern activity. People worked in offices with flat-screen monitors. Elevators led to upper floors. Yet, despite that, a few antique touches could still be found. Sculptures on pedestals. Chande dwellrs in the hal ls.The courtroom itself had beautiful murals that stretched from floor to ceiling, and in the appear of the room, seals from all the royal families hung on the walls. Lissa stopped as we walked in, her eyes falling on the Dragomir dragon. office of the beasts. A sea of conflicting emotions swirled within her as she stared at the seal and felt the full metric weight unit of being the only one left to carry on her name. Pride to be part of that family. cultism that she wouldnt be good enough to live up to the name. Giving her a gentle nudge, I urged her on toward our seats.The seating was split by an aisle down the middle of the room. We sat at the front of the right-hand(prenominal) section. There were still several minutes to go before proceedings began, but the room wasnt really full yet. I suspected that wouldnt change, due to the secrecy surrounding what had happened with master key. A judge sat at the front, but there was no jury. An elevated seat on one side of the room marked where the nance would sit when she arrived. She would be the one who do the ultimate decision. That was how it worked with royal criminal cases. I identifyed it out to Lissa. Lets hope that shes against him. Looks like shell be the only one making the decision. Lissa frowned. Not having a jury tangs kind of weird.Thats because we spent so much time around humans.She smiled. Maybe. I dont know. moreover fixms like theres a lot of room for corruption. well(p), yeah. and this is original were talking about. Moments later, Prince original Dashkov himself entered the courtroom. Or, rather, just original Dashkov did. Hed been stripped of his title when hed been imprisoned. It had bypast to the next oldest person in the Dashkov family.Fear shot through Lissa, and the little color that was in her cheeks in all disappeared. Mingled with that fear was an emotion I hadnt expected regret. earlier hed kidnapped her, Victor had been like an uncle to her that was even how she d referred to him. Shed loved him, and hed betrayed her. I put my hand over hers. Easy, I murmured. Its pass to be okay.His eyes, narrowed and cunning, livelinessed around the courtroom as though it were a party. He had that similar unconcerned envision hed had while talking to Dimitri and me. I felt my lips curl into a sneer. A red haze tinged my vision, and I worked hard to be as imperturbable as the other guardians in the room. He finally focused on Lissa, and she flinched at seeing the same eye color she and others of her family had. When he nodded a sort of greeting to her, I felt my control snap. Before I could actually do anything, I felt new words in my mind Lissas. Breathe, Rose. Just fade. It looked like we were going to bemuse to rely on each other to scotch through this. A heartbeat later, Victor was walking again, off to take his seat on the left side of the room.Thanks, I said to her, once he was gone. Its like you throw out read my mind.No, she said gently. I could just feel your hand.I looked down at where Id put my hand over hers. Id through it to comfort her and had stamp outed up clenching her fingers in my own agitation. Yikes, I said, jerking away and hoping I hadnt broken her bones. Sorry.Queen Tatianas entrance followed his, which distracted me and helped calm my dark feelings. We all stood when she appeared and then(prenominal) knelt. It was all kind of archaic, but it was a custom the Moroi had held onto over the years. We didnt rise until she took her seat, and then the rest of us were able to sit too.The trial started. One by one, those who had witnessed the events with Victor gave their account of what theyd seen. Largely, this involved the guardians who had pursued Lissa when Victor had taken her away and who had subsequently been part of the raid on Victors hideout.Dimitri was the last of the guardians to go. On the surface, his testimony wasnt much different than theirs. Theyd all been part of the rescue squad, but hi s part in the story had begun a little earlier.I was with my student, Rose Hathaway, he said. She shares a bond with the princess and was the outset to sense what had happened.Victors lawyer I couldnt even imagine how theyd gotten anyone to represent him glanced at some papers and then looked back up at Dimitri. Based on the events, it sounds like there was a delay mingled with when she discovered that and when you alerted the others.Dimitri nodded, his mask of compo surely never slipping. She couldnt act on it because Mr. Dashkov had inflicted a act upon on her, one that caused her to attack me. He spoke the words so levelly, it amazed me. Not even the lawyer seemed to carte anything. Only I could see or maybe it was just because I knew him how much it hurt for Dimitri to lie. Oh, he treasured to protect us wanted to protect me in particular which was why he was doing this. scarce it killed a piece of him to stand up there, under oath, and lie. Dimitri was not perfect, no reckon how much I thought he was some days, but he always tried to be truthful. Today he couldnt be.Mr. Dashkov works with earth magical, and some who use that power and are strong in compulsion can influence our base instincts, continued Dimitri. In this case, he affected her anger and violence through an object. pip to my left, I heard a sound like someone choking on their own laughter. The judge, an olden but fierce Moroi woman, glared.Mr. Dashkov, please respect the decorum of this courtroom.Victor, still smiling, waved his hands in apology. Im terribly sorry, Your venerate and Your Majesty. Something in Guardian Belikovs testimony just tickled my fancy, thats all. It wont happen again.I held my breath, waiting for the blow to fall. It didnt. Dimitri finished his statement, and then Christian was called up. His part was short. Hed been with Lissa when shed been taken and had been knocked out. His contribution was being able to ID some of Victors guardians as the kidnapp ers. Once Christian sat down, it was my turn.I walked up, hoping I looked calm in front of all those eyes and in front of Victor. In fact, I went out of my way to not look at him at all. As I said my name and gave my oath to tell the truth, I suddenly felt the full force of what Dimitri mustiness fuck off go through. I was stand before all these people, swearing Id be honest, but I would lie in an instant if the lust charm came up.My version was pretty straightforward. I had details to offer from before the night of the kidnapping, like about when Victor had laid his sick traps to test Lissas power. Otherwise, my story lined up with Dimitris and the other guardians.Id said before that I could lie well, and I brushed over the attack charm part with such ease that no one paid any attention. Except Victor. Despite my refusal to look at him, I inadvertently glanced in his direction when I mentioned the charm. His eyes bored into me, and a wee smirk sat on his lips. His smugness, I realized, was more than just because he knew I was lying. It was also because he actually knew the precise truth and the look he gave me told me that he had that power over me and Dimitri, the power to impair everything for us in front of all these people no matter what Dimitri had threatened. All the while, I kept my face calm enough to make Dimitri proud, but inside my chest, my heart thudded loudly.It seemed to last forever, but I knew I was only on the stand for a few minutes. I finished, sagging with relief that Victor hadnt called me out, and then it was Lissas turn. As the victim, she offered the first new perspective thus far, and everyone there grew caught up in her story. It was oblige no one had ever heard anything like it. I also realized that, without even trying, Lissa was exploitation her spirit-induced charisma. I think it came from the same place compulsion did. People were enraptured and sympathetic. When Lissa described the torture Victor had put her throug h to force her to heal him, I saw faces go pale with shock. redden Tatianas double-dyed(a) mask faltered a little, though whether she felt pity or just simple surprise, I couldnt say.The approximately amazing thing, though, was how calmly Lissa managed to deliver the story. On the outside, she was steady and beautiful. moreover as she spoke the words, describing exactly how Victors retainer had tortured her, she relived the pain and terror of that night. The guy had been an air user, and hed toyed with that element, sometimes taking it away so she couldnt breathe and at other times smothering her with it. It had been horrible, and Id experienced it right along with her. In fact, I experienced it with her again now as she spoke about the events on the stand. Each painful detail was still etched in her mind, the pain echoing back to both of us. We were both relieved when her testimony finished.Finally, it was Victors turn. From the look on his face, you never would pass guessed he was on trial. He wasnt angry or outraged. He wasnt contrite. He didnt plead. He looked like we were all hanging out somewhere, like he had nothing in the gentleman to worry about. Somehow, that made me that much angrier.Even when answering, he spoke as though he made perfect sense. When the prosecuting lawyer asked why hed done what he had, he looked at her as though she were crazy.why, I had no choice, he said pleasantly. I was dying. No one was going to condone me openly experimenting with the princesss powers. What would you have done in my place?The lawyer ignored that. She was having a hard time keeping the sicken off of her face. And you found coaxing your own daughter into turning Strigoi also necessary?Everyone in the courtroom shifted uncomfortably. One of the most awful things about Strigoi was that they were made, not born. A Strigoi could force a human, a dhampir, or a Moroi into becoming Strigoi if the Strigoi drank the victims blood and then fed Strigoi blood back to the victim. It didnt matter if the victim wanted it or not, and once she became Strigoi, she lost all sense of her old, moral self. She embraced becoming a monster and sidesplitting others to survive. Strigoi converted others if they found someone they thought would strengthen their ranks. Sometimes they did it just out of cruelty.The other way a Strigoi could be made was if a Moroi willingly chose to kill another person during feeding, destroying all the magic and life within themselves. Christians parents had done that because theyd wanted to be immortal, no matter the cost. Victors daughter Natalie had done it because he had talked her into it. The extra strength and speed shed gotten from being a Strigoi had helped her free him, and hed felt his goals were worth the sacrifice.Again, Victor showed no remorse. His answer was simple. Natalie made that decision.Can you say that about everyone you used to cumulate your ends? Guardian Belikov and scarper Hathaway had no say in what you made them do.Victor chuckled. Well, thats a matter of opinion. I honestly dont think they minded. entirely if you have time after this case, Your Honor, you might want to consider trying a statutory queer case.I froze. Hed done it. Hed really done it. I expected everyone in the room to turn and point at Dimitri and me. No one even looked in our direction, though. Most people were giving Victor revolt looks. I realized that was exactly what Victor had known would happen. He just wanted to tease us he didnt actually expect anyone to take him seriously. Lissas feelings through the bond confirmed as much. She felt like Victor was trying to shift attention off of himself by making up stories about Dimitri and me. She was horror-stricken that Victor would stoop so low.The judge was too, and she chastised Victor for dumbfoundting off topic. By that point, most of the sceptical was done. The lawyers wrapped up, and it was time for the milksop to deliver her verdict. I held m y breath again, wondering what she would do. He hadnt denied any of the charges. The try was overwhelming, thanks to my friends testimonies, but as even Victor had pointed out, there was a lot of corruption among royals. The queen could very well decide that she didnt want the scandal involved with imprisoning someone so well known. Even if no one knew the details, his imprisonment would start a buzz. Maybe she didnt want to deal with that. Maybe Victor had bought her off too. merely in the end, she found Victor guilty and sentenced him to life in prison a different prison, not the one at Court. Id heard stories about Moroi prisons, and they were terrible places. I suspected his new home would be very different from the cell wed found him in. Victor remained calm and amused passim it all, just as he had yesterday. I didnt like that. The conversation Id had with him made me think he wasnt going to accept this as serenely as he pretended. I hoped theyd watch him closely.A gesture from the queen ended formalities. The rest of us stood up and began talking while she surveyed the room with a sharp eye, probably taking notes. Victors escort started to lead him out. He passed by us again. This time, he stopped and spoke.Vasilisa, I desire youve been well.She didnt answer. She still hated and feared him, but with this verdict, she finally believed he could no longer hurt her. It was like the end of a chapter shed been stuck in for months. She could finally move on and hopefully let those horrible memories fade.Im sorry we didnt get a chance to talk, but Im sure we will next time, he added.Come on, said one of the guardians with him. They led him away.Hes crazy, muttered Lissa once he was gone. I cant believe he said that stuff about you and Dimitri.Dimitri was standing behind her. I looked up and met his eyes as he moved past us. His relief mirror my own. Wed danced with danger today and wed won.Christian came up to her and hugged her, holding her for a long ti me. I watched them fondly, surprised at my own kind feelings for them. When a hand touched my arm, I jumped. It was Adrian.You okay, little dhampir? he asked softly. Dashkov said a few uh suggestive things.I shoutped closer, keeping my voice low as well. No one believed him. I think its okay. Thanks for asking, though.He smiled and tapped my nose. Two thank-yous in as many days. I dont suppose Ill get to see any, uh, special gratitude?I scoffed. Nope. Youll just have to imagine it.He gave me a half-hug and released me. Fair enough. But I have a good imagination.We started to leave, and then Priscilla Voda hurried over to Lissa. The queen would like to meet with you before you leave. In private.I glanced over to the raised chair where the queen sat. Her gaze was fixed on us, and I wondered what this could be about.Sure, said Lissa, as confused as I was. To me, she sent through the bond Will you listen again?I gave her a quick nod before Priscilla spirited her off. I returned to my room, tuning in to Lissa while I packed my things up. It took a little while because Tatiana had to finish a few courtroom formalities, but she finally arrived in the same room as yesterday. Lissa and Priscilla bowed as she entered and waited for the queen to sit.Tatiana made herself comfortable. Vasilisa, you need to be in the air soon, so Ill make this brief. I would like to make an offer to you.What kind of an offer, Your Majesty?Youll need to go to college soon. She spoke like it was a done deal. And yeah, Lissa did plan on going to college, but I didnt like the presumption. I understand youre dissatisfied with your choices.Wellits not that Im dissatisfied, exactly. Its just, all the places Moroi are supposed to go are small. I mean, I understand its for safeguard, but I dont know. Id like to go somewhere bigger. Somewhere prestigious. Guardians monitored a handful of select colleges in the field so that Moroi could safely attend them. As Lissa had noted, though, they tended to be smaller schools.Tatiana nodded impatiently, like she already knew this. Im going to give you an opportunity that no one else has ever been given, to my knowledge. After graduation, I would like you to come live here, at the Royal Court. You have no family, and I think youd benefit from learning politics right in the heart of our government. Along with this, we would make arrangements for you to attend Lehigh University. Its less than an hour from here. Have you heard of it?Lissa nodded. Id never heard of it, but she was enough of a nerd to have researched every college in the U.S. Its a good school, Your Majesty. But still small.Its bigger than the ones Moroi usually attend, she pointed out.True. In her mind, Lissa was trying to puzzle out what was going on here. Why was Tatiana making this offer? Especially considering how shed seemed to disagree with Lissa earlier. There was something weird going on here, and she decided to see how far she could push it. The University of Pe nnsylvania isnt that far either, Your Majesty.That school is enormous, Vasilisa. We couldnt ensure your safety there.Lissa shrugged. Well, then it probably doesnt matter if I go to Lehigh or one of the others.The queen looked shocked. So did Priscilla. They couldnt believe Lissa seemed indifferent to the offer. Truthfully, Lissa wasnt indifferent. Lehigh was a step up from what shed expected, and she wanted to go. But she also wanted to see how badly the queen wanted her to go.Tatiana frowned and appeared to be weighing matters. Depending on your grades and experiences at Lehigh, we could possibly arrange for you to transfer in a couple years. Again, the safety logistics would be very difficult.Wow. The queen did want her around. But why? Lissa decided to simply ask.Im very flattered, Your Majesty. And grateful. But why are you offering me this?As the last Dragomir, youre a precious commodity. Id like to make sure your future is secure. And I do so hate to see bright minds wasted. B esides She paused, hesitant to spill her next words. You were right to a certain extent. The Moroi do have trouble changing. It could be useful to have a dissenting voice around here.Lissa didnt answer right away. She was still analyzing this offer from every practicable angle. She wished I was there to advise her, but I wasnt sure Id have much of an opinion. Splitting my guardian duty between the Court and a cool university could be pretty neat. On the other hand, wed have more freedom elsewhere. In the end, Lissa decided in favor of higher education.All right, she said at last. I accept. Thank you, Your Majesty.Excellent, said Tatiana. Well see that the arrangements are made. You may go now.The queen made no signs of moving, so Lissa bowed again and scurried to the door, still reeling with this news. Tatiana suddenly called out to her.Vasilisa? Will you send your friend here to talk to me? The Hathaway girl?Rose? she asked in astonishment. Why do you ? Yes, of course. Ill get h er.Lissa hurried toward guest housing, but I met her halfway. Whats going on? I asked.I have no idea, said Lissa. Did you hear what she said?Yup. Maybe she wants to tell me how I have to be extra careful with you going to that school.Maybe. I dont know. Lissa gave me a quick hug. Good luck. Ill see you soon.I went to the same room and found Tatiana standing with her hands clasped, equipage stiff and impatient. She was dressed like a corporate businesswoman again, with a sleek brown blazer and put over set. That color wouldnt have been my first choice to go with her dark gray hair, but that was her style advisers problem, not mine.I bowed just as Lissa had and glanced around the room. Priscilla was gone only a couple guardians remained. I expected Tatiana to tell me to sit, but instead, she stood up and walked right over to me. Her face did not look happy.Miss Hathaway, she said sharply, Im going to keep this brief. You are going to stop this atrocious affair youre having with my g reat-nephew. Immediately.

Jespersen vs. Harrahs Case Analysis Essay

Facts Darlene Jespersen was a bartender at Harrahs Casino in Reno in the sports bar. She was frequently praised by her supervisors and customers for being an outstanding employee. When Jespersen first started her job at Harrahs the female bartenders were non required to clothing makeup but were encouraged to. Jespersen tried to wear makeup to work a few generation but decided that she did not like it due to the fact it made her feel sick, degraded, exposed and violated. She alike believed that it interfered with her ability to deal with unruly customers because it took away her credibility as an individual and as a person. later on 20 years of working for the company, Harrahs imple workforceted the Personal Best program contained certain sort standards that utilise equally to men and women.Women were now required to wear makeup and when Jespersen refused, she was fired. Jespersen sued Harrahs under call VII. Argument for Jespersen Jespersen refused to wear makeup to work becau se the cost-in time, money and personal dignity. Under Title VII of the genteel Rights Acts of 1964 employers are free to adopt different appearance standards for each sex, but these standards may not confab a greater burden on one sex than the other. Women were required to wear makeup and men were not which allowed men to save hundreds of dollars and hours of time. Harrahs had no right to fire Jespersen because the rule only applied to women. Argument for Harrahs Employers are allowed to impose different appearance rules on women than men as ample as the overall burden upon the employees is the same.Harrahs rules did not impose a heavier burden on women than on men. Outcome Jespersen appealed the judgment of the United States District Court for District of Nevada granting defendant employer summary judgment in the employees sex discrimination action filed under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The final examination outcome was that the original judgment granting Harra hs summary judgment was affirmed because Jespersen failed to present sufficient rise to survive summary judgment on her claim. My Opinion I agree with the final outcome of this case. Jespersen did not have enough evidence to prove that by Harrahs requiring her to wear makeup was indeed intimate stereotyping. The Personal Best program had plenty of restrictions and requirements for men as well as women.

Language and atmosphere Essay

Analyse the importance of chapter one of Great expectations with visualize to character, plot, theme, language and atmosphereIn modern society, when our children feel boredom creeping over them, they can hug drug to the technological wonders of our time, such as computers and televisions, and other gadgets and gizmos that have become commonplace in e reallyday homes. However, in 1861, the time of the great Charles Dickens, there were no such contraptions, and so children and adults alike turned to the entertainment that books had to offer, and would with pose themselves in worlds of imagination, fantasy and the impossible. Dickenss Great Expectations is an excellent example of 19th century publications and was even published by serialization in Dickenss own magazine altogether the year round. It is a bildungsro domain tale that tells the story of a young, poor boy, who is known throughout the unfermented as come to, that has fantastic, and eventu exclusivelyy realised dreams o f becoming a respected gentleman.In chapter one, we are introduced to the sooner larger than life character Magwitch, the stereotypical criminal who the Victorians all love to hate. Our first impression of Magwitch is, hardly as Charles Dickens intended, of a frightening and dangerous man whose terrible voice terrifies strike and forthwith turns us, the readers against him. Dickens does this to reinforce the fact that he is, after all, a criminal, and to highlight the clichd views of the general public.This could even be viewed as bitter sarcasm, as, although Dickens is bowing to the public mood, he makes it clear for those who look more well that he does not dish out the same opinion. On the other hand, Magwitch is also shown in a diverting light, I wish I was a frog. Or an eel and we even see a kinder and more endangered side, a man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stoneswho limped and shivered.The author shows us these diametrical qualitie s so that we can obtain a greater under rest of the character and view him in a fairer, more sympathetic light. In addition to this, Dickens gives us subtle hints throughout the chapter that Magwitch, like all people shows weakness he hugged his shuddering body in both arms and, through darts narration A man whose legs were numbed and stiff, he tries to make us feel that perchance even criminals deserve a second chance to be respected pillars of society.It is very in-chief(postnominal) that Magwitch is introduced in the first chapter, rather than a later chapter, as this establishes tension and atmosphere, and creates a compelling hook that go away ensure that the following chapters continue to be purchased. And of course, adding a typical bad guy to the equation gives all readers, particularly of the Victorian era, a desperate need to see him beaten Possibly the most important role that Magwitch plays in Great Expectations is that of the instrument of justice.When we first meet Magwitch, he is intimidating Pip in the churchyard, and shouts at him that he will only stop his dangerous accomplice from harming him, if he brings him food. When Pip fulfils his end of the bargain, Magwitch returns the favour, only years later, becoming Pips benefactor and enabling him to start a better, wealthier life. Magwitch, however, is not shown justice, as after months of supporting Pip, he is captured, thrown in a jail cell, and later dies of exhaustion. Once again, this underlines the acidulous views of the Victorians and the severe attitude towards criminals in the 19th century.We are also introduced to Pip in the opening chapter the principal(prenominal) character in Great Expectations, and the novels storyteller. The story opens with him remembering himself as a boy, standing alone and crying in a churchyard near the marshes the small bundle of shivers growing alarmed of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip. Dickens depicts him as a harmless, caring boy, so as to d raw sympathy from the reader, even though at that point in the story, Pip is content with his common life. When Magwitch is introduced, the narrator Pip presents an interesting relationship between himself and the bullying man.At first, the relationship appears to be based altogether on power and fear. The man yells at Pip to get what he wants, a file and approximately food, and Pip responds, only because he fears for his life. And yet, after they part, the young Pip keeps looking back at the man as he walks away. The count on of Magwitch holding his arms around him is remarkably familiar to the initial image of young Pip, holding himself in the cold, alone in the churchyard with the stones of his dead parents. For a moment, the relationship seems to warm.They share a common loneliness, the orphan and the escaped convict. Even while he is afraid, Pip instinctively displays a sympathetic reaction. This initial meeting, between a small boy and a convict, will develop into the prof ound relationship in the book, which will cause Pips great expectations of himself to rise and fall. The authors decision to assume the character of Pip, and therefore write using first person narrative, proves to be very significant in the development of the story.

Wirk

In the previous seminar that I wasnt able to attend on time, I learned whatever helpful Information that will be beneficial throughout my semester in this class. All the basics were wiped out(p) down so clearly by my professor. Such as, what to do when you have a question confidential and not as private. If the question is private you butt righteous simply e-mail the professor and he will get back to you within a twenty-four time period. Also, for the questions that arent as private you tail assembly Just simply emplacement It In the watchword board, therefore your fellow classmates can help you with your problems.As declared by my professor we are all In this together. Furthermore, I was taught how to wile my way around the online page. For Instance, how to bow work In the drop. You Just have to go to the drop tab and go to submit appointee and then browse. After browsing for your assignment you will attach and send. This way your work will be there In time for grading. I n Dalton, It Is stated to never delete your saved assignment payable to a spread while It Is being graded. If you dont save it and it is told to you its not submitted then you will have to do the assignment all ever.Moreover, I learned the many different ways getting to know my classmates. The discussion board is a very uncorrupted source of that because, you can have discussions of different facts and opinions. Also, sometimes thus far provide more details from what you have studied or researched on. Another way to connect with your peers is to just e-mail them to get information correctly, get to know them better and even meet. Even though I never e-mailed anyone I am still comfortable in knowing their views on certain things.All in all I believe the seminar is a good way to know what you are up against for that future(a) week. An hour a week on a specific day is not bad at all. Also, you can be active while being a part of it. Asking several questions and who knows your clas smates can sometimes answer the question as well as the professor can. It is actually a good way to do this class instead of being in class bored and with little or no input at all. Wire By Momentarily 7 information that will be beneficial throughout my semester in this class. All the have a question private and not as private.If the question is private you can Just period. Also, for the questions that arent as private you can Just simply post it in the As stated by my professor we are all in this together. Furthermore, I was taught how to maneuver my way around the online page. For instance, how to submit work in the your work will be there in time for grading. In addition, it is stated to never delete your saved assignment due to a disruption while it is being graded.

History of Corrections Essay

The de realmment of corrections remains in the States began mostly with the arrival of William Penn and his Great Law. This was prickle in 1682 the Great Law was based on gentle principals and as well as snaped on hard comprehend as a penalisation. The corrections system in reality began to take hold in North America in the late 1700s with the ideas and philosophy of Beccaria, Bentham, and Howard. These philosophies were based on the thought that prisoners could be treated and rejuvenateed venture into society. This hard force back was utilise as an alternative to other cruel unionizes of punishments that were used in earlier times much(prenominal) as physical abuse or even brutal death.In 1790 came the birth of the Penitentiary in Philadelphia. The penitentiary was different than other systems in that it isolated prisoners, isolated from the bad influences of society and one from other so that, while engaged in productive labor, they could reflect on their past miss- deedsand be reformed, (Clear, Cole, Reisig). The Ameri back tooth penitentiary and its new c erstpt was observed and adopted by other foreign countries. The Pennsylvania system of the penitentiary was based on inmate isolation so that they could ponder their past behavioral choices. In this system the inmates were confined to labor on their own. In New York they had a different system, known as the Auburn system. This system differed from the Pennsylvania system because inmates would come together during the day to do their dally and labor but were otherwise held in isolation.In the early 1900s a group of progressives sought to reform the centerings of the corrections system. Their ideas about the cause of discourtesy were more centered around the social, economic, and psychological pressures on people. The progressives brought up programs that were discussed in 1870 at the Cincinnati meeting. These programs included probation, parole, and other perplexing sentences that are sti ll used in corrections today.As we can see the penitentiary system has changed over the years. As we advance and realize more as a society, we are able to fine tune these programs for altogether parties involved. Overall, the key usher of all of these systems and the ultimate goal is public safety. Keeping our people safe and moving in a peaceful direction is essential to our society.Goals of CorrectionsThe corrections system in the U.S. has five main goals when transaction with whitlow sanctions. Originally the system had four main goals Retribution, Deterrence, Incapacitation, and Rehabilitation. Later on there was much focus placed on a fifth goal keynote and Community Justice. These goals are designed to be effective toward different lawsuits of poisonouss and a combination may be used in some cases.Retribution, also known as Deserved Punishment, is much like the old saying an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth(Clear, Cole, Reisig). Basically this is a punishment where t he severity of the sentence should fit the severity of the crime. If a felon has make wrong to someone then they deserve to feel that same wrong doing.There are two types of Deterrence used in corrections. The first is just a general deterrence, which is a method of apply punishments and making them visible to the public with the goal of deterring others in the public from wanting to endow crime. Public hangings were once used as this type of deterrence. The other type is directed toward the criminal in hopes that they allow non repeat crimes in the future. The punishment is to be severe enough to discourage any future criminal activity. This type is called Specific Deterrence. Deterrence theory contends that if the public knows the consequences of deviance, many individuals will not commit a crime (Long).Incapacitation is typically lowstood as the detainment of a criminal. The goal of incapacitation is to keep criminals from being able to commit further crimes. There are se veral different ways of using incapacitation. Reducing the movement and involution of a criminal in society will hopefully reduce crime on the streets. incapacitation focuses on the characteristics of the offenders instead of the characteristics of the offenses(Clear, Cole, Reisig).Rehabilitation is more of a therapeutic method to help the criminal ditch crime and become a constructive member in society. Rehabilitation involves teaching inmates silks and trades that will, hopefully, give them a contingency to become law-abiding citizens once they are released from prison (Long). This method is looked at as more of a treatment than a punishment, to guide the criminal to make better choices and live a better life.Restorative or Community Justice is a fairly new opinion. It is aimed more at come toing damages caused by the crime to the victim(s) and the community involved. In this method the victim lays out conditions for the offender and what is necessary to help repair any losse s. The community provides assistance to help restore the offender to the community. Some say that this method can be dangerous and bypasses authoritative safeguards.The goals of corrections are solid efforts to reduce crime. There are many improvements that could be made. As we learn and test these methods, they need to be fine tuned and have the bugs worked out. If something isnt on the job(p) in the appropriate way it needs to be addressed and refocused. I think that many of these goals will become weak and maybe overlooked with the new AB 109 bill and other reforms currently taking place in California Corrections.Prison SanctionsThere are three types of sentencing structures used in the corrections system. Each type leaves some discretion for the judge and varies on the goals for the criminal. The different methods used are called indeterminate sentences, determinate sentences, and mandatary sentences.Indeterminate sentences go in line with the idea of rehabilitation. These se ntences usually have a minimum and a maximum term. It is a range and the courts use this range to deter exploit parole and it is close to based on the amount of time given for a treatment program. The purpose behind this form of sentencing is incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation.Determinate sentencing is quite the opposite from indeterminate, hence the name. This sentencing structure follows the concept of retribution mainly. Retribution is a deserved punishment, so basically the offender is given a length of sentence based on the crime that was committed. It is a fixed sentence that goes with the specific crime committed. After the offender has served his time he is then released and is free to go without any parole or program ties.The third sentencing structure is mandatory sentencing. This structure is based on the crime committed. It has a minimum time termination attached to certain crimes that the government deems fit. This type of sentencing does not take into acco unt the different circumstances of the crime but wholly looks at the crime itself. The three strikes and youre out laws, now adopted by several states and the national government, provide one example of mandatory sentencing(Clear, Cole, Reisig). The purpose behind these sentences is incapacitation and deterrence.The sentencing structures are all a morsel different. I am not sure if I can say for sure that I tally with any one more than another. I think the best way may be a ethical mix between indeterminate and mandatory. I do agree with the idea of the rehabilitation concept to an extent but the severity of some crimes should absolutely be accompanied with a minimum period to ensure some justice.Probation, Parole, and Intermediate SanctionsProbation, Parole, and Intermediate sanctions all seem to stem from confusable concepts and ideas. Each of these forms of punishment seems to be a way of easing the harsh criminal laws for certain offenders in some cases. They were all deve loped in order to provide different means to support the offenders restoration in society.Probation, which began with rump Augustus in 1841, allows the offender to serve out a punishment in the community while under supervision rather than be sent to prison. John Augustus is known as the first probation officer. He began by helping people with bail back in Boston in the 1830s. It was introduced as a way to alleviate the harshness of the criminal law (Clear, Cole, Reisig). It is now a form of sentencing that includes investigation and supervision and is used in every state today.Captain Alexander Maconochie, who I believe is actually an ancestor of mine but will need to do more research, created a system back in the mid(prenominal) 1800s that would reward prisoners based on their good behavior. He developed stages that prisoners could go through based on their conduct that were like steps to freedom. He is the founder of the concept behind what we call parole today. His present sy stem was to gauge the offenders willingness to accept societys rules much like parole is supervision back into society with a set of rules. This system is also a way to ease the intensity of criminal law for those with good conduct.Intermediate Sanctions came about a bit later but for very similar reasons. Some expressed these reasons as imprisonment is too restrictive for many offenders, traditional probation does not work with most offenders, and justice is well served by having elections in between (Clear, Cole, Reisig). These were other ways of softening the criminal laws for offenders based on certain circumstances. These intermediate sanctions were aimed at lower risk offenders as a type of rehabilitation effort. The different intermediate sanctions include programs such as community service, restitution, home confinement, boot camp, and more.I would have to agree with the basis of all three of these programs. I think that there are many offenders that would fare well in the se types of sentences. However, these are more for the lower risk type offenders that have shown good conduct and that may have a chance in becoming a functioning part of society. There are many other higher risk offenders that do not deserve the option of these sanctions. It is better for the safety of the public that these sentences are highly monitored and that the offenders are ready to be placed back in society.