Keurigs Competitive Advantage

The question is: Surge's competitive advantage? Be prepared to discuss your assessment, and provide illustrative data to support your view With the Kerri brewing technology, GAMER has a unique product and changed the way Americans brew coffee at home and in the office. GAMER maintained strategic relationships with coffee brands such as Caribou, Dunking Donuts, Folders, Newsman's Own Organics, and Cataracts to attract new consumers.Though patents have expired, GAMER depends on consumer loyalty and their ability to meet and exceed expectations. Kerri had a competitive advantage by delivering a product that mimics the coffeehouse experience because before this product, home brewing had been inferior. Kerri has speed and ease In producing high-quality cups of coffee, making it appealing to American consumers. The â€Å"away from home† strategy focused on offices and hotels.Growth Strategy for Kerri New Brewer Technology (Cold Brewing) New Beverage Categories (tea, fruit beverages) New Brands (Snapped, Taco, Celestial) New Channels K-Cup allowed consumers to use own coffee In machine, which reduced the trash created. GAMER formed new strategic relationships with brands such as Snapped, Taco, Celestial Competitive advantage In comparison to Engineers, which only has en brand to choose from and only brews espresso The business model of Kerri combines retail Beverage Company with an appliance company.It offers a wide variety of brand and caters to different consumers differ needs. Usuries Competitive Advantage By Samaritan-Amended been inferior. Kerri has speed and ease in producing high-quality cups of coffee, K-Cup allowed consumers to use own coffee in machine, which reduced the trash Taco, Celestial Competitive advantage in comparison to Engineers, which only has

Marketing Plan of TATA SKY Essay

Price: Tata Sky has offered competitive pricing but has been on the higher end and its due to promotional campaigns it has added in incentives leading to increase in customer base. In search of newer audiences in smaller towns, DTH operator Tata Sky is introducing a new Rs 99 package — Super Hit Pack 2. Customer Services: Tata sky offers an excellent website and dedicated customer line. They have the concept of registered mobile number providing easy communication. But their Customer service lines are always busy and the waiting period is usually very long. This may be an irritant for existing customers. 6 3. Reception: The reception is usually excellent in comparison to existing cable TV. But during monsoons and Cloudy days they are affected. The rate of signal distortion is more for Community dishes in comparison to Individual dishes. This technical problem should be sorted. 4. Program Choices: After litigations, Tata sky is able to offer huge bouquet of channels but it is still less compared to the Cable TV. They should ensure extensive program choices to induce switching from Cable to DTH 5. New Technology: Tata sky Plus is an initiative in this direction. Various services under Active are part of this Technology game. Being a interactive and dynamic offering would increase its appeal. 6. Technical Support: Technical support system of Tata sky is well establishes. If a 24 hrs limit can be provided for all complaints and work on ‘holidays’ when people are generally home could be sold as a USP. Tata Sky as a product has evolved from the time to inception. Further to enhance the product, new services and technologies can be imbibed like: 1. Common Dish per house for Multiple Television sets 2. Combined Product with Television – Rural Areas , especially and Niche Segment Targeting if Combined with LCDs 3. Connectivity with other digital Monitors like Laptops for Commercial Usage 4. Guide can be displayed in Multiple Regional Languages 5. Voice over in Multiple Languages (Currently limited availability in for some programs) 6. Interactive Video Games (with consol) 7. Inclusion of Radio Reception. Development of Visual Radio service. 8. Variety in Movie Listing with Bollywood, Hollywood and Regional Channels 9. Special channels for Songs Request like Jukebox could be launched 10. Stock Market related interactive service on Active 7 Price Competition has increased may fold with completion providing freebies and slashing prices. The following price related strategies could be adopted, which may lead to a short term loss but a medium term break even and profit: 1. Free Set Top: Following the line of Dish TV, Set top Boxes can be given free while ensuring lock in by providing base pack free for limited time duration, thus inducing update to next level. 2. Lock in of 1 year: Ensure long term lock ins by providing incentives for pre payment of long term charges. Continue with current strategy of providing 2 months free on payment of 10 months services. 3. Multiple Connections: Provide discounts for consumers buying second Tata Sky Connection (up to 50% off) 4. Encourage References: Provide discounts on Monthly charges if reference from existing consumer becomes a new customer. 5. Regional Disparity: Provide free regional packs in local areas to ensure switch from Cable TV to DTH service, i. e. provide free south Jumbo pack for customers in all Southern States. 6. Community Dish: Provide Incentives in the form of Free Months charges for first 3-6 months and reduce the Installation charges per flat.

WIA, Education, technical personel regulations Research Paper

WIA, Education, technical personel regulations - Research Paper Example Employees should, therefore, be retrained and encouraged to take up training geared toward their career advancements and the country’s economic stability. Employee retraining shifts the focus from the business to the development of the employee and addresses issues of low skilled workers and the demand for more labour in a particular industry. Employee retraining addresses the need for matching employee skills with technological advancements and industry needs. Employee retraining in America has been the sole responsibility of the federal government for over a century. However the rapid growth of the economy at the turn of the 21st century made it necessary for employers to come up with programmes that would not only help them retain their workforce but also equip them to cope in the changing business world. The Workforce Investment Act was introduced in 1998 and led to the creation of Workforce Investments Boards that focused on the development of workers across America (Perkins, 1998). The Workforce Investments Act of 1998 was put in place of the Job Training Partnership Act and was instituted to encourage the participation of businesses in the delivery of Workforce Development Services. The requirements of the act were to be driven by Workforce Investment Boards, which were chaired by the local community or members from the private sector. Work force Development was then divided into sector based and place based. It was further categorized into statewide and local workforce investments systems, job corps and national programs. Other acts also demand that employers train their employees on various areas to cover those protected by regulations like the Tittle VII of the Civil Rights Act on race, color, nationality, and religion. Employers are further forced to invest in employee retraining through federal laws that stipulate that the employee get a given number of hours of training in some industries. In the aviation industry for

Reading reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading reflection - Coursework Example to be intellectually creative by having their ideas accepted as well as being offered matters to be concerned about intellectually, it gives them an opportunity to learn about the world with their general intellectual ability being stimulated as a happy side effect. In her article, she discusses issues such as learning environment, the role of a mentor or teacher as well as emotional and mental knowledge of the learner which are all significant in mentorship. Malcolm Gradwell’s book, tipping point entails application of epidemic phenomena in solving various social phenomena. The author illustrates that such a move is significant in restoring complexities and mysteries of the human behavior (Schmidt & Olson, 2008). He states that having knowledge of social phenomena as a wave helps in mystifying them other than considering them transparent. The knowledge achieved through reading the book helps mentors to understand that human behavior can be manipulated for the best. Knowledge of social phenomena is significant in understanding the behavior of the mentee and thereby manipulating it for the best. Colby and Damon’s article, â€Å"How moral commitment develops through life† explains the implication associated with the guidance of an adult which often occur mechanically. The authors argue that social influence is a more organic and an irregular process that remains closely in tune with the agenda of child development as w ell as taking place on numerous psychological processes (Damon & Colby, 1996). A mentor can offer simple encouragement or direct the attention of the child, friend or family friend. The authors offer the best approach in understanding the significant of mentorship to a friend or

Creative Accounting and Earnings Management Essay

Creative Accounting and Earnings Management - Essay Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that financial statements are prepared by managers of a company or enterprise to represent the true and fair view of the affairs of the company. They are then used by the shareholders and other users of financial statements for the decision making process. It is a very critical part of financial accounting because it provides information for the users of financial statements to interpret and come to a conclusion about the performance of the company. Creative accounting practices are such malpractices in accounting which may be legal and in accordance with the existing accounting standards but may not be in line with the true spirits of the rules laid down under accounting standards. In other words, when financial statements are prepared by the relevant managers of a company that is inconsistent with the purpose or intention of the existing accounting standards, then it is said to be a practice of creative accounting. The man agers do so by taking advantage of the flexibilities available in the letter of the rules in accounting standards practices. Earnings management is a term which acts as a substitute for creative accounting. Trying to manipulate the earnings which are reported by the managers of a company, by taking help of some specific accounting process, is termed as earnings management. The company does so to influence its earnings in a short term horizon. Earnings management makes use of accrual accounting.... The accounting standards are revised often to help fill its loopholes. More and more regulatory measures are taken to keep a track on how the financial information is reported by the firms. These measures taken are proving quite effective in preventing current creative accounting practices, but the question is whether it will be able to stop these malpractices completely or not. It is indeed very difficult to put an end to creative accounting in future (Keupp, 2002, p.1). Key Elements of Creative Accounting It is not very easy to precisely define creative accounting. Still, three elements can be regarded as key elements of creative accounting. They are: a. Flexibility: Accounting is always associated with flexibilities present in it. While accounting, one can use their discretion to choose their own preferred way of recording sales or turnover of the company, the method of depreciation to be used by the company, the method of valuation of inventory, etc. This type of flexibility help s the managers of a company to represent the true and fair view of the company’s affairs and its earnings in the financial statements. However, in practice the case may be quite different. These flexibilities in the hands of managers can be used by them to present the company’s performance in a more favourable way than what it is in reality. These methods can be applied by staying within the regulatory framework. b. Account Management: Accounting policies can be utilized by the managers of a company to accomplish the objectives of the management of the company and may not fulfil the essential requirements of the users. It can thus be used as a tool that can be managed and not as a means to

Text-Messaging and Orality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Text-Messaging and Orality - Essay Example The cell phone is perhaps the single most ubiquitous feature of communication technology and according to the CTIA over 82% of Americans own one. Its ubiquity is not only due to its overwhelming ownership but by its very nature considering that neither a computer nor a land-line phone can be carried and used so easily. This facile manipulation of technology hints at McLuhan's comment. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of those cell phones have text-messaging capability. Text messaging as a phenomenon has gained attention from academics and critics primarily because of the proclivity of its users to employ "creative" grammatical and linguistic constructions. Its harshest critics claim that it will, or already has, led to a corruption of language. Indeed its pliable and dynamic structure does allow a manipulation of formal grammatical and linguistic rules that would be difficult to parse in formal essays, such as this one; its function in a civilization that has long been inscribed b y writing fulfills a much different role than essays, or letters- though its effect on language might be inedible and perceived even in those forms. Text-messaging and related channels represent a syncretism between oral and written forms of communication, and while it lacks the formal purity of traditional written forms of communication, it maintains its own separate aesthetic and poetic qualities that emphasize a heavy reliance on context, mnemonic deployment, and efficiency. By analyzing the physical nature, functional and literary features of text-messaging the oral features of text-messaging will be revealed, understanding of course that in the final analysis its essence as a textual form of communication in a hypertextual society remains regnant. In attempting to outline the structural features of text-messaging and related conduits of communication such as instant messaging, it will be juxtaposed to the features of orality that are relevant. Consider Edouard Glissant's quote, "Oralityis inseparable from the body in movement" (MacNeil, 2007). We understand text and the printed word to be primarily outside the body, distinct from the body and its author. Spoken word or talk is understood to be generated from within the body and indistinct from the author. Text-messaging straddles this interior/exterior boundary. The device on which one types or texts undeniably lies outside the body, its reception as well is mediated by a device outside the person. This is an important distinction as one of the salient features of oral communication is that it is received immediately and without explicit and conscious mediation, insofar that the reverberation of sound, the movement of air is not interpreted into words or speech until it is we ll into the ear canal, and though we recognize the source of the sound, its compilation occurs internally (Ong, 1982, pp. 32-33). To some degree this is quite different from the structure of text-messaging, insofar like other textual forms of communication, it is understood that the interpretation occurs on the page, in the visual field. However, in considering the intimate and tight connection between text-message and text-messenger there remains some features of the bodily coextension of orality. The cell phone's mobility and sizes bridges the communication barrier imposed by other devices, such as computers, telephones, even paper. Someone can interact with and use their cell

Supply Chain Management exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply Chain Management exam - Essay Example The risks associated related to each supplier is to be studied and evaluated. Also, a back up supplier should be selected who can supply in case the first supplier fails. The last step is to implement the strategy and employ regular evaluation of the supplier, its quality and performance. Methods should be used to increase the performance and reduce the extra costs of logistics through various service methods and technologies. Â   Question 2 In the existing scenario of volatile markets, organizations are searching for solutions to reduce costs along the entire enterprise chain. The key is to pursue both the strategic as well as tactical cost reduction and improvement measures which help the management to stay ahead in the com[petition. Further to balance out the long and short term margin pressures, cost reductions have become a necessity. Lean management has definitely been a stress reliever to companies in order to reduce waste and cut down costs. Lean management approach assist t he management to drive a continuous bottom up approach with regular small improvements down the line along all areas and departments in the chain. The fundamental approach of lean is to provide higher value to the end customer by increasing the product quality and reducing the waste. The five concepts of lean are – understanding the concept of the value addition stream and the waste being produced, staff training to help them reduce waste within their own working environment and nurturing the Lean culture among them so that they can become trainers for other teams. The main approach in the lean concept to reduce costs are as follows – 1. Identifying the value preference of the end user – since the end value of the product matters to the client, it is important that the management identifies those activities that add value to the product and those who do not. Activities who do not add value must b e eliminated and thus costs are automatically reduced. 2. Identify ing the true value stream or chain of activities – identifying the correct value stream which consist of those activities which when followed in the right sequence, provide the desired value for the customer. It is significant that the management identifies the correct sequence of activities that constitute the Value stream. This significantly reduces the waste that is generated in the value stream at some points where there is no order. 3. Enhanced Flow of the stream - Lean management lays stress upon steady and continuous flow of activities which support product value addition. Any kind of hindrances are identified by the lean approach and eliminated. 4. Pull approach rather than a push approach - In lean organizations, the production schedules are dictated by a pull approach and not by the arbitrary production plans of the shop floor personnel or Operations Managers. Most services would rather be pulled by the Customer Demand in the lean management. Production only in the case of demand leads to less inventories, less and optimal use of resources, and less cost. 5. Imporvement cycle – when the lean approach progresses within a system, it becomes easier to

Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Essay - Assignment Example Wendell Berry offers an insight into the importance of practicing some sort of agriculture to produce food. After critical evaluation of the existing trend in which people are increasing choosing food over the counter, he learns something. The contemporary society is characterized emphasis on service industry especially in urban center. In that respect, people tend to ignore the important fact of researching on the nutritional threshold of the food consumed (Wendell 146). The increasing campaign for industrialization has kept many people away from practicing simple gardening at the backyard to obtain pure and fresh food. Instead, eating has remained the only interest with absolute ignorance on the diet and suitability of such food. Besides, Berry recognize the immediate challenge of poor feeding habits and the transferred costs through medical attention over nutritional health related problems. The pleasure of eating according to Berry Wendell can only be derived from consuming fresh and nutritious food which one knows its source. This constitutes direct involvement in farming however small scale it may be and cooking the food before eating it. On contrary, most people have shifted the responsibility to food processing industries who serve their profit interest at the expense of consumer welfare. People have failed to understand that the groceries and food stores are health hazards filled with mere appearance of beauty. Such food production technology to feed the mass includes biotechnology which has already raised ethical concerns. The chemical content of the genetically modified food outweigh the bodily nutritional requirements. Individual consumers are partly to blame for this increasing technology due to overreliance on the food stores instead of embracing even small scale vegetable gardening at the backyard. Besides, people tend to give little attention to the significance of cooked food and hide behind limited time to consume

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value Essay - 12

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value added contribute towards understanding the connections between the business and its product markets - Essay Example The discussion will investigate different methods of calculating added market value, and determine how added market value contributes to an understanding towards the connection between the business and its products market. Within the overall framework of added market value, economist assert that value added calculation is crucial for classical business accounts. Economists interpret added market value as consisting of the ability to determine the business earnings while the turnover is not precise because the business expenses are not considered. In this perspective, value added is the subtraction of output (expenses) compared to the inputs. Therefore, outputs that are not produced by the business are not considered. Some economists calculate value added in both addictive and subtractive methods, (Berger, 1999, p.34). For instance, subtractive value added is estimated by subtracting material and services costs and from the revenue of sales. The added market value or benefits indicate revenue generation. Similarly, it can be evaluated by deducting the investment capital of the business from the business value. These represent the profit of the firm, or the total cash the organization has produced using the utilized cash. Addictive method determines value added by summing up price of labor (such as social charges) benefits from the operation and devaluation. This allows the firm to investigate the means of distributing the generated revenues. Addictive method also sums up the adjusted recorded value of equity and debts investments of the business, (Grant, 2003, p.28). These indicate the used money of the enterprise or the total cash utilized in the business. The increased method multiplies the amount of the marketplace share of stock by the accessible share numbers for public businesses. This establishes the firm’s market value, or the total amount of cash the firm can produce. If the enterprise is unknown, investigate

About the history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About the history - Essay Example This period lasted from the Alexander Severus’ death to the reign of Diocletian. During this period, the Empire witnessed rapid changes of emperors. Despite the turbulent times that the empire went through, it succeeded in sustaining itself. However, this crisis precipitated the splitting of the empire into two divides, one comprising of the Eastern Empire while the other comprised of the Western Empire. The splitting of the empire into the eastern and western empires can be regarded as one of the internal factors, which contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire (Gibbon, Lentin & Norman, 1998). Another internal factor that contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire included the antagonism between the emperor and the senate. The emperor had the power to make decisions with regard to issues related to religion, civil affairs, and the military affairs of the Empire. The Senate acted as the advisory body to the Emperor. As a result of the powers accorded to his office, the emperor became. This led to numerous disagreements between the emperors and the senators, thus leading to the dissolution of the Empire (Gibbon, Lentin & Norman, 1998). Another internal factor that contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire included the decline in morals within the empire. The rich upper class, the emperor, and the nobility became immoral, and this had a negative impact on the empire. Some of the immoral behaviors that characterized the empire included sexual immorality, which entailed orgies and adultery. The immoral behaviors of the empire also encompassed the keeping of young boys for the purposes of pleasure by Emperor Tiberius (Gibbon, Lentin & Norman, 1998). Other internal factors that can be attributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire included forced prostitution, which used to be common in brothels. The masses got angered by such acts and expressed their bitterness towards the empire. This had a

Latin America and the Church Essay Example for Free

Latin America and the Church Essay The Catholic Church has been regarded as one of the most powerful institutions in the world. The beginnings of its authority can be rooted in the European continent wherein the development of the Catholic religious belief took place. Nevertheless, the numerous changes that happened in the world paved the way for the Catholic Church to extend their influence. At present, Europe is no longer regarded as the center of the Roman Catholic Church in terms of the number of people who adhere to this faith because the Latin American region has long been the most Catholic continent in the world. As a result, Catholic doctrines and beliefs play a very important role in the development of the Latin American continent. The influence of the Catholic Church goes beyond the mere spiritual well being of the people because it also has a huge impact in the areas of their life. The influential role of the Catholic Church is clearly observable in the cultural, social, and even political areas of the society. Being the case, it can be said that the Catholic Church has a substantial and advantageous contribution to the Latin American society. The Catholic Church has appositive influence in the Latin American region, which can be proven by four important points. First, much of the culture of the countries within Latin America is derive from the Catholic Church. Catholicism started in Latin America during the 1500’s. The Iberian monarchs are the one responsible in propagating the Catholic faith in the Latin American region through the holy crusade that they waged in their new dominion. One of the main objectives of the Iberian monarchs in converting the Latin American people into becoming Catholics is for the Church to have a comprehensive in the society. This is related to their belief that every area of an individual’s life is related to his or her salvation. Thus, the Church established connection to every sector of the society and every part of an individual’s life. As a result, the distinction between the sacred or the secular is observable in Latin America wherein the Church plays an active role in the various areas of community life. This kind of adage is clearly exemplified in the family dynamics of most Latin American countries such as: Brazil, Chile, and Cuba. Due to the teachings of the Catholic Church, the Iberian monarchs were able to instill the value of close-family ties in Latin America. As a result, the family as the basic unit of society is given due importance. This makes the people very family oriented, which almost every individual acquires and later on pass to the succeeding generations. Moreover, the family structure in Latin America is mostly patriarchal because of the authoritative society that the Christendom has propagated (Patterson 18). It gives importance to the fact that the father is the head of the family. Having such role entails that he is the main decision-maker in the household. The male dominion or superiority is not merely confined within the four corners of their houses but rather it is also seen in work-related opportunities. Men still have control of many occupational areas especially in terms of job that are regarded to be the domain of men like politics. However, the changes in time that the Catholic Church sometimes adheres to have also revolutionized the political dynamics of Latin America. In the call of the Church for greater equality in the society, they have also supported women empowerment in terms of giving them more opportunity to develop their skills and participate in the society. This could be proven by the case of Chile wherein the country elected its first female president. President Michelle Bachelet holds the highest position in Chilean politics. This only goes to show that the Catholic Church has a substantial influence in the culture of Latin America especially with regards to its family values. Second, The Catholic Church heavily influences the social fields in Latin America especially in the realm of education. The mission of the Catholic Church that came together with the Iberian invasion of the region is focused on the creation of highly selective and academic educational foundations. The colonial territories were controlled and administered in towns and cities. The central features of these places are the schools, seminaries, and universities. During the nineteenth century, the formative influence that plays a vital role in the educational system of Latin America was that of Napoleonic France. This kind of education is characterized by hierarchical responsibility that includes national to regional to local scale of territorial administration. Each of these levels also extended in both the urban and rural sectors (Brock and Lawlor 2-3). The influence of the Catholic Church in the educational system is seen in Brazil’s public life. The Brazilian Catholic Church took part in implementing a conservative program in order to strengthen it internal hierarchy by means of providing education and other social services. In the same manner, Catholicism also has a huge impact in the educational institution of Cuba. Despite the fact that Cuba is regarded as a Communist state, which means that the government has the main and greater responsibility in making decisions and distributing the resources of the country, the Catholic Church still manage to influence the country’s education. In Cuba, the government delivers the vast majority of social services. Nevertheless, the emergence of other actors also exists and one of the most notable is the Catholic Church. This is clearly exemplified by the Caritas Cubana, a non-governmental organization that is affiliated with the Catholic Church. Caritas Cubana provides social services and distributes medications. Some of their programs are funded through the help of international non-governmental organizations. The services that they render are providing academic support for the children and others (Uriarte 62). Third, the Church is a highly structured organization in a region that is experiencing low and slow development. The Catholic Church is recognized as one of the strongest institution that is established in the world. The network of churches that adhere to the doctrines and teaching of the Roman Catholic is observable in various parts of the world and this also includes the Latin American region. The important role that the Church has in this part of the South American continent can be rooted from the very organizational strength of the Catholic Church. In relation to this, the reality that most countries in Latin America experienced and are still facing political instability make the influence of the Catholic Church greater than ever. This is mentality is due to the sentiment of the people wherein they need a strong governing body that they can hold into in times of hardships and trials. The Catholic Church emerged as the stable organization that most people can believe and lean on. The weaknesses and shortcomings of the most Latin American government to address the pressing problems of the people like threats to peace and order as well as the sustenance of basic needs like food, shelter, education and public health care. Being the case, the Catholic Church takes a bolder role in giving hope to the people especially those who are living in dire poverty. The political turmoil in the Latin American region is observable in countries like Brazil, Chile, and Cuba. In the case of Brazil, its weak government during the 1960s caused a coup d’etat and the establishment of a totalitarian state in the country. However, there was significant resistance to the ouster of the civilian government that attributed to the major split of the Brazilian Communist Party. Due to this, a number of small urban and rural guerilla groups were formed, which aim to provoke the government by creating a domestic atmosphere of repression that will force the people to rebel (Train, 1994). In the same manner, Chile also has its own set of political problems that is very evident during the Pinochet regime. Augusto Pinochet was able to obtain the seat of power in Chile through a military junta. Most of the citizens supported the coup because they want to overthrow the administration of Salvador Allende. Many people believed that the army would bring back order and then call elections. However, General Pinochet disabused them as he asserted that in order to eliminate communism democracy must be ended. He unleashed violence that has no precedent in Chile (â€Å"Augusto Pinochet†). Cuba also has its political concerns especially those that the country experience under the authority of Fidel Castro. During those times, Cuba was regarded as an isolationist country that is against its close neighbor, the United States. The situation of the country was further worsened by U. S. political and diplomatic hostility (Falcoff). In these instances, the people turn toward the Catholic Church instead of their government because the Church clearly shows organization and stability as compared with the government that usually changes political leaders due to civil unrest. Fourth, the influence of the Catholic Church has extended up to point of being politically active. The Catholic Church has the power to create popular movements because they have a huge influence in motivating the people to participate. The Church can promote the political mobilization of the poor and marginalized people society. In line with this, poor and marginalized parishioners in Latin American sometime require the help and support of their religious leaders in order to change their political an economic condition. The responsibilities as well as the reputation that the Catholic Church has in the society have prompted them to become politically active. The Church involvement in politics is not simply confined in giving advices or their stand on certain issues but rather they also established their own political parties. This is proven in the case of Brazil wherein it has Christian democratic parties that support traditional Catholic principles like hierarchy, paternalism, and corporate identity (Trejo). The Catholic Church indeed has a positive influence in the Latin American region. This is proven by the four major tenets that are discuss above that the Catholic Church contribute to the development of Latin America’s culture, social fields, citizen’s strength amidst political turmoil, and greater political participation. These only show that an individual’s religious belief has a huge role in the development of the other aspects of his or her life as well as the evolution of the society as a whole. Works Cited â€Å"Augusto Pinochet. † 2007. The Economist Newspaper and The Economist Group. 30 July 2009 http://www. economist. com/obituary/PrinterFirendly. cfm? story_id=8406905. Brock, Colin. , Lawlor, Hugh. Education in Latin America. New York: Routledge, 1985. Falcoff, Mark. â€Å"Cuba’s Future – or Futures. † 21 December 2004. American Experience. 09 March 2009. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/castro/sf viewsfalcoll. html. Patterson, Eric. Latin America’s Neo-reformation: Religion’s influence in Contemporary Politics. New York: Routledge, 2005. Train, Brian. â€Å"Urban Guerillas in Brazil. † 1994. MIT Western Hemisphere Project. 18 July 2007 http://web. mit. edu/hemisphere/events/mnm03-1m/brazil-train. shtml. Trejo, Guillermo. â€Å"Religious Competition and Popular Mobilization: Evidence from Mexico’s Regions. † 2006. 08 March 2009 http://cas. uchicago. edu /workshops/cpolit/papers/trejo. doc. Uriarte, Miren. Cuba Social Policy at the Crossroads: Maintaining Priorities, Transforming Practice. † Oxfam American Report. Boston: Oxfam America, 2002.

Harrison Bergeron Essay Example for Free

Harrison Bergeron Essay Kurt Vonneguts short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is about a futuristic society where beauty is destroyed to create equality. It centers around the highest official, appropriately named, the General Handicapper. His only role to to seek out and find to people who are skilled, pretty, or good at sports and forced them to hide away these talents through masks and waits. It is through basic literary elements that Vonnegut creates and develops the theme that general conformity leads to the deformation of humanity. The short story begins in the future, The year was 2081† and Vonnegut immediately puts out the benefits of this futuristic society, stating â€Å"everybody was finally equal† and not just equal â€Å"before God† but in â€Å"every way† possible (Vonnegut, 1968, p. 7). Vonneguts description foreshadows what is to come in the novel and certainly this forced equality can only lead to a dangerous and potentially deadly ending. Conformity and the effects of uniformity is a common theme in the bulk of science fiction literature and Vonneguts short stories are no different. However, in â€Å"Harrison Bergergon† not just the theme of uniformity is explore but also the stripping away of humanity. This short story, the government forces everyone to be equal nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. (Vonnegut, 1968, p. 7). Government agents force people who are beautiful to wear ugly masks and people who are thin are forced to carry around weights. The goal of all this control is to make sure that everyone has the same handicaps, the same features, and the same feelings. Even odder is that smart people were forced to wear radios which interfered with there brain functional creating a human society where everyone was equally stupid. By eliminating the the issues, which modern society still deals with, of racism, sexism, and discrimination based on looks, Vonneguts future society should be healthy and happy because everyone is the same. However, in the pursuit of equality the loss of humanity took place. Humanity is based on the idea of independence and individualism. The featured protagonist of this short story and namesake is Harrison Bergeron. He is a bright and friendly boy who has the most hated qualities in his society. He is intelligent, handsome, tall, and strong. Due to Harrisions features he is required to do several things to compensate for all his good quality. He is subject to radio noises which stops his concentration and focus. He has to carry hundreds of pounds of extra weight. He also have to wear sun glasses which gives him a head and he has to undergo surgery fort o make him ugly. While awaiting his surgery he escapes and takes over a news station. On air he takes off his handicaps and is revealed to society. When enters the station he is looks like a walking junk yard, required to wear a red rubber ball for a nose, keep his eyebrows shaved off, and cover his even white teeth with black caps at snaggle-tooth random ( Vonnegut, 1968, p. 21). He also meets up with a ballerina and she too casts off her imposed disabilities. When the couple dances they shrug off the law of gravity and the laws of motion as well, leaping to kiss the thirty-foot ceiling until finally they remained suspended in air inches below the ceiling, and they kissed each other for a long, long time. It is then that Glampers enters with her shotgun† (Vonnegut, 1968, p.  22). Unfortunately both are killed by the General Handicapper. As a sub plot his parents are watching the news station but once everything is said and done they can not remember what has happened due their forced handicaps. Irony is another literary device that Vonnegut uses in this short story. Vonnegut comments on the look-ism which is apparent in American society. Vonnegut even appears cynical about what passes as average in America. Hazel had a perfectly average intelligence, which meant she couldnt think about anything except in short bursts (Vonnegut, 1968, p. 20). The observation on the ballerinas continues the undercutting humor: They werent really very goodno better than anybody else would have been, anyway (Vonnegut, 1968, p. 20). Heavy irony emerges in the plodding Hazels missing the point, as when she sympathizes with the stuttering announcer for trying real hard to do his best or suggests George might remove some of his weights in the evenings. Compounding the irony she says, I think Id make a good Handicapper General. Good as anybody else, said George. The range of sounds and the comic brutality of their effect provides another source of comedy. One of Georges winces prompts Hazel to ask the cause. Sounded like somebody hitting a milk bottle with a hammer, he replies. Another sounds like a twenty-one gun salute that leaves George white and trembling and leaves two of the ballerinas on the floor clutching their temples. The final one is a riveting gun. GeeI could tell that one was a doozy, said Hazel. You can say that again, said George. Gee said HazelI could tell that one was a doozy. (Vonnegut, 1968, p. 41) Hazels stupid behavior and mindset symbolizes the dumbing down of America. In addition the television is equally symbolic. When this book was written, the television was now found in every home throughout the country. It became the way that people communicated and received news. Reading, literature, and human interaction decreased and was replaced by the mindless chatter of television shows and governmentally run news broadcasts. Hazels aversion to the old days when she could be made to feel like something the cat dragged in (Vonnegut, 1968, p. 22) obviously is not very persuasive The narration in â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is also interesting. This is because the narration is third person, as if person is looking back on the events that just happened. Third person omnipresent is an interesting choice for narration because it allows the reader into the minds of all characters. For example Vonnegut reminds the readers, in third person narration Nobody can be in any way superior to anybody else, as guaranteed by the 211th, 212th, and 213th Amendments to the Constitution, and to the unceasing vigilance of the agents of the United States Handicapper General (Vonnegut, 1968, p. 20). In particular, the motivations of each character which inspire their actions and words. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is a very unique short story because Vonnegut manipulates basic literary elements and creates a satire of American ideals and societal norms. Vonnegut is able too, in a tongue and cheek manner, show how the government can create a society which lacks humanity. A government that is left uncontrolled can exert such great power that it can destroy what makes human unique creatures on this planet. In doing so, people become mindless and vulnerable to the governmental propaganda that tells the citizens of a society that these rules are for their own good.

Vocabulary On Writing In EFL Learners

Vocabulary On Writing In EFL Learners Vocabulary knowledge has been considered as basic principles of learning English and it also has a determinant impact on EFL Witting skills. Writing is one of the important ways to learn English language that involves students ideas into the written text. Vocabulary mastery is one of knowledge that important to learn writing, listening, reading, and speaking A good writer has to know a set of vital items to enrich his writing such as grammar punctuation, capitalization rules; figurative language; rhyme; rhythm; and vocabulary. One item that can power up writing is a strong vocabulary. Spoken and written words are used to communicate ideas, thoughts, and emotions and they are so common among EFL learners, sometimes communicating will be successful and sometimes its quite reverse. To write an article, essay or even a composition which is written at school by students, good vocabulary is an essential object. Knowing synonyms and using strong vocabularies, give readers a good sense of meaning and information will make the writing more influential. In Santos, 1988; Astika,1993 study(cited in Lee,2003) has shown that lack of vocabulary contributes to writing difficulty for foreign language learners and that vocabulary is one of the most important features that determine writing quality The current article focused on the impact of vocabulary on writing in EFL learners. Importance of Vocabulary in Writing Vocabulary is defined as knowledge of words which is considered vital for language development and acquisition and is recognized as an essential factor in writing. It can also describe as the ability to use words in the generation and understanding of sentences. Beck, McCaslin, McKeown, 1980 study(cited in Yonek,2008)There is a substantial body of evidence demonstrating a link between vocabularies and students ability to read and comprehend passages. Researchers have also explored the role of vocabulary in three main aspects of students writing performance: (a) shaping teachers perceptions of writing quality; (b) predicting students overall writing performance, and (c) enhancing the quality of students written compositions( Papadopoulou, 2007,p.35). Papadopoulou,2007 said that there is a positive relationship between mature vocabulary (assessed by lexical choice) and high quality ratings. Particularly, when Neilsen and Piche (1981) compared the effects of syntactic complexity versus lexical choice on the ratings of writing quality, they reported high quality ratings for passages with mature vocabulary regardless of the passages syntactic complexity. Similarly, according to Papadopoulou,2007 examined the role of vocabulary in formatting teachers judgments of college freshmens written arguments:. It was reported that the appropriateness of words used, rather than the simple production of words, was more important in influencing teachers judgments of writing quality. The number of diction or word-choice errors per 100 words written was found to be a particularly strong predictor of writing quality. (Papadopoulou,2007,p.102) Vocabulary is also considered as a strong predictor of students overall writing performance when vocabulary scores are compared to more elaborated criterion measures of written expression such as the Test of Written Language (Towel;Hammill Larsen, 1978), the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT; Madden, Gardner,Rudman, Karlsen, Merwin, 1978), and the Developmental Sentence Scoring System (Lee Canter, 1971). Significant research has been conducted on the effects of vocabulary instruction on reading performance but studies investigating vocabulary instruction and writing are few (Duin Graves, 1987). It also illustrates the effects of vocabulary instruction on the quality of students written products. (Yonek,2008,p.68) Despite the correlations between verbal ability and writing, the nature of the relationship between the two is less certain. A rich vocabulary allows writer to get a richness of thought onto paper. However, the writers real pleasure comes not from using an exotic word but from using the right word. In other research, effective writing has also been shown to be reliant upon verbal working memory . Those students who have considerable difficulty in producing well written compositions suffer from underdeveloped oral proficiency levels. According to Bereiter Scardamalia, 1987 study,(cited in Lee,2003)Further research shows that verbal memory limitations impact both quantity and quality of writing . In writing, using correct verbs, propositions and grammatical point is so important. Vocabulary and writing: Finding the right words In some ways, the ability to write effectively hinges upon having an adequate vocabulary even more than does the ability to read. Once students have learned to decode words, they may be able to read and pronounce many words that are unfamiliar to them. They may even be able to determine accurate meanings of unfamiliar words simply by examining the context in which those words are used. During the writing process, however, a student does not have the luxury of examining the context in which a word is used; he or she is creating the context. Therefore, the writer must be able to spontaneously recall words that are known not only by sight, but that are understood well enough to use correctly. Writing is dependent upon the ability to draw upon words to describe an event. The breadth and depth of a students vocabulary will have a direct influence upon the descriptiveness, accuracy, and quality of his or her writing. Yonek( 2008) notes, variety in selecting words to convey accurate meanings is necessary in speaking and writing, the outgoes of the language arts and at any level, written communication is more effective when a depth of vocabulary and command of language is (p. 25-26). Principles of vocabulary development Since words are the writers most important tools, vocabulary development must be an important and ongoing part of classroom learning. In Laflamme (1997) study( cited in yonek 2008) offers several key principles that should guide the creation and implementation of a comprehensive vocabulary development program. 1. Teachers must offer direct instruction of techniques or procedures for developing a broad and varied vocabulary. This instruction can be provided both formally through the language arts program, and informally through various classroom interactions-such as story time-with students. 2. New vocabulary terms must be connected to students previous knowledge and experiences. If students are unable to contextualize new words by attaching them to words and concepts they already understand, the words will likely have little meaning to them, and if meaning is lacking, the chances are pupils will memorize terms and concepts for testing purposes only or largely. 3. Students should be able to contextualize the vocabulary terms they have learned and use them in society. In order for students to do this successfully, they must first learn to become comfortable using these words in the classroom. Students should be required or encouraged to incorporate new vocabulary terms into their oral and written reports and presentations. 4. Practice and repetition are important methods by which students can become familiar with new words and under- stand how they may be used correctly .Students should be frequently exposed to the same words through practice exercises, classroom use, and testing. 5. Teachers should model an enthusiasm for and curiosity about new words through their own behaviors and attitudes. Teachers who are enthusiastic about vocabulary development will automatically look for teachable moments throughout the day, pointing out interesting words as they crop up in texts, stories, or conversation; asking students to explore alternative ways of expressing concepts; and helping identify colorful, descriptive ways of speaking and writing. 6. Schools, teachers, and students must be committed to vocabulary development over the long term. The teaching of vocabulary must be an interdisciplinary project, integrated into the curriculum at every level. Effects of vocabulary Instruction on writing and using vocabulary to improve writing skills Efforts to improve writing performance through vocabulary instruction have been limited making generalizations about the role of vocabulary instruction unwarranted. However, a few studies examining the effects of vocabulary instruction on writing reveal some promising findings between the two. While improved vocabulary can enhance students writing skills, there is no guarantee that it will do so automatically. Improvement in vocabulary will result in improved writing skills only if the teacher is able to create a classroom that takes writing seriously. In Corona, Spangenberger 1998 study (cited in lee 2003) in such a classroom, process and environment are closely intertwined and interdependent. The process does not come alive unless the environment is conducive to it. The following are techniques teachers can use to create a writing-centered classroom. 1. Sharing vocabulary-rich literature by reading books, poems, and stories that contain interesting vocabulary, teachers can both introduce new words and provide a forum for discussing them. It helps the students become better writers, 2. Helping students to look for interesting words. There are many different forms this can take. For example, students could pair up and look through books for words that catch their attention, then write down common words that the author could have used instead. 3. Offering a variety of writing opportunities. A writer-centered classroom emphasizes using written expression to communicate ideas. Writing is an important part of all areas of the curriculum. The authors go on to note that students have a greater investment in their writing when they are given choices about their assignments. Such choices may include journal or diary entries, weekly logs summarizing journal entries, book reports, outlines, poetry, autobiographies, short stories, or any number of variations on the above. 4. Providing sample time for students to fully experience the writing process . The teaching of writing should be approached as a process that must be studied in depth, and substantial blocks of time should be devoted to writing. 5. Allowing students to conference with teachers and fellow students. When writing topics are chosen, students should meet with their teacher to discuss ideas and answer questions. The teachers role is to encourage, build on existing strengths, and help the student expand his or her abilities. Conferencing with fellow students gives the budding writer the opportunity to share ideas, brainstorm, and rework his or her project. Research (Henry, Scott Wells, 1999;cited in Yonek 2008) has shown Teachers who are following principles relating to vocabulary development: valuing words is critical to student learning, wide reading and direct instruction are critical components to vocabulary learning, and modeling word consciousness with a focus on language use encouraged students to pay attention to words Conclusion: In Scott 2004, study (cited in Lee 2003) research shows that having a large and sophisticated vocabulary helps a writer produce quality text by limiting the cognitive demands during a writing task. Though research connecting effective vocabulary instruction and writing is limited, some studies suggest that rich vocabulary instruction and developing word consciousness can positively influence writing. Principles identified from the research relating to generalized effects in comprehension as a result of vocabulary instruction may serve as the basis for effective instructional methods designed to increase word knowledge to a degree that can affect writing.

The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and A&P Essay -- Comparison

Romantic gestures have been seen as a useful motive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"A&P†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modern times, counterproductive†. These stories, despite the differences between the two characters, clearly show that the character’s world is changing, with chivalry becoming more obsolete. â€Å"Araby† tells the story of a young boy who romanticizes over his friend’s older sister. He spends a lot of time admiring the girl from a distance. When the girl finally talks to him, she reveals she cannot go to the bazaar taking place that weekend, he sees it as a chance to impress her. He tells her that he is going and will buy her something. The boy becomes overwhelmed by the opportunity to perform this chivalrous act for her, surely allowing him to win the affections of the girl. The night of the bazaar, he is forced to wait for his drunken uncle to return home to give him money to go. Unfortunately, this causes the boy to arrive at the bazaar as it is closing. Of the stalls that remained open, he visited one where the owner, and English woman, â€Å"seemed to have spoken to me out of a sense of duty† (Joyce 89) and he knows he will not be able to buy anything for her. He decides to just go home, realizing he is â€Å"a creature driven and derided with vanity† (Joyce 90). He is angry with himself and embarrassed as he... ... prove how romantic gestures become obsolete as time progresses. As shown above, Sammy and the boy went to great lengths to impress the girls. However, their quest failed simply because it did not matter to the girls. This goes to show that as society develops through time, these chivalrous gestures become more and more useless. Work Cited DiYanni, Robert. Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston: McGraw Hill. 2008. Print. Joyce, James. â€Å"Araby.† The Norton Introduction to Literature, Shorter Eighth Edition. Eds. Jerome Beaty, Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, and Kelly J. Mays. New York: W.W.Norton. Updike, John. "A&P." The Bedford Introduction To Literature. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin, 2005. Wells, Walter. "John Updike's 'A&P': a return visit to 'Araby.'" Studies in Short Fiction 30, 2 (Spring 1993)

Standardization of Language Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Speaking

Standardization of Language Language is a method in which individuals communicate to get their opinion and ideas across to the other party. It varies in its communication methods; it can be verbal and physical i.e. body language. A language is significantly related to the speaker’s language culture and identity, any alteration in language causes an effect on identity. Therefore I believe that language should be standardized under specific rules, regulations that support the language and prevent merging with other languages to avoid cultural assimilation. However, this standardization does not discriminate or disallow any other language to be practiced, by accepting diversity i.e. allowing English to be spoken in a Spanish speaking country, but disallowing Spang-lish. Thus I believe that language blend is unacceptable. Moreover, with rules and regulations speakers should respect their language and avoid its alternation, since it is part of who they are and what makes them special. Arabic is a language that is an example of a language that is spoken with rules and regulations that govern it, these rules come from the holy Quran. When Arabic goes through grammatical alteration, the language loses its richness, and no longer sounds the tough language that makes it special worldwide. Currently, with all the westernization occurring in the Arab world, many have diverted from the standard Arabic. Families have changed their first language to English; from my point of view, ...

Asthma Essay -- essays research papers

Asthma is a condition of the bronchial tubes characterized by episodes of constriction and increased mucous production. A person with asthma has bronchial tubes that are super sensitive to various stimuli, or triggers, that can produce asthma symptom.In other words, asthmatics have special sensitivity that causes their lung tissue to react far more than is should to various stimulating factors or triggers. For this reason, people with asthma are said to have "twitchy airways."Some symptoms that people with asthma commonly experience are chest tightenings, difficulty inhaling and exhaling, wheezing, production of large amounts of mucous in their windpipes and coughing.Coughing can be frequent or intermittent, and can be loose-reflecting extra mucous secretion in the airways or dry and deep-reflecting tight bronchospasms. Not all these symptoms occur in every case of asthma.Sometimes people may have coughing without and symptoms for months or even years before it's realized that they are asthmatic. Interestingly enough, asthma symptoms are most severe at night, while we're lying down our airways narrow as a result of gravity changes. Also our lungs do not clear secretions as well at night, which leads to mucous retention, and that can increase the obstruction to air flow. Furthermore, at night our bodies produce smaller amounts of certain chemical that help to decrease airway spasms and keep airway tubes open. All of these factors add up to a greater chance of symp...

Analysis of Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Essay

Abstract Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) is a report used by cities, and local governments to provide the public with their financial records each year, while adhering to government accounting standards board (GASB) guidelines. The report presents a comprehensive picture of the reporting entity’s financial condition, it provides how funds are spent and allocated throughout the year. Introduction I will be covering the Carlsbad CAFR for year ended 2011. The Beautiful city of Carlsbad is located along the coast of southern California. Carlsbad is known for its beautiful beaches, and lagoons which cover 1,000 Acres of nature preserves and hiking trails. Its history dates back to 1700, before becoming part of the United States, it was a territory of Spain and then Mexico, the shoreline of Carlsbad’s coastal lagoon was home to the indigenous Luiseno and Diegueà ±os Indians for centuries before the arrival of  the Spaniards (City of Carlsbad, n.d.). The current population of the city is approximately 107,000 residents; total area is 42 Sq. Miles (City of Carlsbad, n.d). The cities top business consists of hospitality, life science, sporting goods and recreation, and telecommunications. The city provides a wide range of services to residents such as; police, fire, infrastructure, and general administration, the CAFR provides detailed information about how these services are funded, and the type of the governmental funds allocated for these services. The city exhibits accountability and honesty by sharing the CAFR with its residents, in turn this builds trust in the residents toward their city, trust in that their hard earn money is being used in the appropriate services, and these funds are put back in to the maintenance and development of their communities. I will be presenting an analysis of Carlsbad’s comprehensive annual financial report for year ended 2011. The report consists of three sections that are introductory, financial, and statistical. Introductory Analysis The introductory for the city Carlsbad’s CAFR begins with a five-year vision statement, it is general vision statement, I find this very encouraging, and reassuring to present it before going into depth with the report. It includes the city’s economic goal, programs, policies, and decisions to be implemented by the city’s officials; it also lists the type of leadership, the open government policy, and they type of environmental services and how they are managed. Then one can find the Letter of Transmittal presented by the city’s finance department, addressed to the mayor, city council and citizens of Carlsbad. The letter is to explain why the CAFR is prepared, what is included in the CAFR, the guidelines followed such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and that GASB requirements were preserved in the report; the finance department received an auditing from the independent auditing firm Mayer Hoffman McCann, they also included where the resu lts of the auditing can be located which I will cover in the financial analysis later on. In addition the letter offers an audited governments internal control and compliance with legal requirements were in place. The letter also includes a profile of the city, stating the population, geographical location of the city, a section about the city of  Carlsbad community vision, budget process that explains priority projects for the city, and budgetary controls. Followed by factors affecting financial condition, in this section there are Economic profile, long term financial planning, and cash management. Economic profile covers economic strengths and weakness of the city, the city shows improvement in most of its General fund revenues, and is expecting to increase by $ 2.3 Million or 2.1 percent in fiscal year 2011-12, also weakness in residential housing market affected by property tax and 0.2 percent decrease is anticipated in coming year (City of Carlsbad, n.d.) One of the leading factors to the economic crisis in the United States was the housing market, this had affected Carlsbad negatively, house prices fell like many cities in the country, 8 percent in Carlsbad compare to last year, and the following is a chart showing the trend in housing prices in the city (City of Carlsbad, n.d.) Long term financial planning is states that it is the City’s Council’s goal to ensure that they city remains in good financial health, and the city has taken a number of steps to attain this goal, setting forth Growth Management Plan, the plan was adopted by the citizens, the plan ensures that all the necessary public facilities are either constructed along with development or that a financing plan is in place to pay for the facilities prior to the development of the property ,to ensure this plan is effective, an Infrastructure Replacement Fund was created, this fund sets aside money on a yearly basis for major maintenance and replacement of its infrastructure(City of Carlsbad, n.d.). The creation of this fun is a brilliant idea, so when the time come to make the necessary improvement the city would have the money ready, and it would not have to transfer money from other governmental funds. As the economy expected to slowly recover, and provide to support to the largest aspect of our economy, the housing market. The General fund revenue will continue to cover the ongoing cost as seen in the following graph (City of Carlsbad, n.d). The last part of the letter was informative about cash management, major initiatives and projects. The cash management section covers the investment programs, its procedures as well as its objectives. The major initiatives  and projects section goes in to detail about the upcoming projects, it also provides developments and the maintenance of these projects that are designed to strengthen and improve the community. Followed by the letter of transmittal are the Awards and acknowledgments, the government finance officers association of the United States and Canada (GFOA) awarded the city of Carlsbad the certificate of achievement for excellence in financial reporting to the city of Carlsbad for its CAFR. (City of Carlsbad, n.d.). A webpage called Carlsbadistan which is dedicated to new, events, and all things Carlsbad, stated that city of Carlsbad had been awarded for the 11th time the GFOA during 2009, with this CAFR dating June, 30 2011, this award would be the 12th award received by the city. The Introductory section concludes with a list of the city’s elected officials, leadership team, chairpersons, commissions and boards, and finally an organization chart of electorate. I found the introductory section and the information presented to be very well put, educational, easy to read and follow, the statistical numbers presented in the economic section, the cash management and investments were informative. This city has earned the 12th GFOA awards received, because they simplified yet very complex information that is presented year after year in the CAFR. Financial Analysis The financial section of the CAFR for the city of Carlsbad lists and analyzes the components of financial information for the city, which helps the reader understand the financial condition of the city for the year ended and the projected budgetary for the following year. This section includes Independent Auditors’ report, Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), and financial analysis of the city’s funds. The Independent Auditors’ report main purpose is to examine the financial information presented in the city’s financial statements, the independent auditors concluded the city’s governmental activities, business-type activities, and each major fund was represented in a fair matter, also in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles as of June 30, 2011. MD&A part includes an overview of financial statements, with a chart of the statements, it is informative about the type of financial statements such as Government-Wide fina ncial statements (â€Å"which are intended to provide  aggregated overview of a government’s net assets and changes in net assets†) (Wilson, E.R., Reck, J.L., & Kattelus), and fund financial statements, I thought it breaks down and simplifies the purpose of these statements in financial reporting. Particularly in the Changes in net assets, this has general overview revenues and expenses from 2010-2011, with 11.5% decline from previous year, 2011 revenue is 217.2 (Governmental activities 152.4 and Business-type activities), while expenses 26.1 had an increase of 1.4 %( Governmental activities 21.8 and Business activities 4.3). The chart for sources of revenue can be found in this section, the following are the sources of revenue for fiscal year 2010-2011 amounted to $217.2 Million, the breakdown was as followed: Contributions from property owners 11%, property taxes 26%, income from property & investments 5%, other taxes 4%, sales taxes 4% federal aid 4%, and finally the biggest contributor to revenue was charges for services 31%(City of Carlsbad, n.d.) The following is an overview of the Governmental and Business- type activities on page 25. Governmental activities had an increase in net assets of $21.8 Million, the increase was generated by total revenues of governmental activities of $ 152.2 Million ( $42.7 million in program revenues and $109.5 million in general revenues) offset by $130.3 million in total costs of governmental activities and $ 135,000 transfer to the solid waste fun ( City of Carlsbad, n.d.) And for those who are visual learner like me, here is the visual aid to show the breakdown of the Governmental activities program revenues and expenses (City of Carlsbad, n.d.) Business-type Activities components are water, golf course, wastewater, and solid waste, for these program revenues totaled $56.5 million for the year, and functional expenses $60.8 million(City of Carlsbad, n.d.). Financial Analysis of the city’s funds provides information regarding Governmental funds and Proprietary funds. Governmental funds are near-term, inflows, outflows and balances of spendable resources that are essential for assessing the city’s financing requirements. Under the Governmental funds one can find the General fund statement of revenue, expenditures, and changes in fund balance, the city’s revenue and expenditure for 2011 were as followed; Revenues saw an increase of 2.6% from previous year, total $111.6 Million, largest element of the revenue was taxes at $95.5 Million. Whereas  Expenditures largest element was public safety $44.2 Million, total expenses were 102.1 an there was an increase 1.0%. Ending fund balance in the statement was $13 0.4Million (City of Carlsbad, n.d.). As for the purpose Proprietary Funds in addition to operating revenues and expenses, is to provide short and long term financial information about the city’s Business-type activities, the operating revenues were $35.1 Million which exceeded operating expenses that were $747,000, this increase was due to the increase in water sales revenue to rates (City of Carlsbad, n.d.). This increase has a bitter sweet side to it, in one hand in revenue is a sign that the city is doing great under light of this depressive economy, on the other hand citizens of this could use a break from these increasing rates. Before moving on to the statements the city listed the contact information for the city’s financial management for questions about CAFR. Notes to financial Statements begin on page 59 of the report, it includes when the city was incorporated, a description and scopes of the reporting entity which have several components, I consider it a great way of presenting a conclusion for the report, it presents some of the information presents earlier in the report, such as Governmental wide and fund financial statements, the notes states why they reported and how they were reported. Also lists the type of the governmental funds included in the report such as general funds, and redevelopment debt service funds, as a reader I appreciated how each of these funds were defined and actually listed. In addition a list of the enterprise fund were introduced in this section, describing what they are for example Carlsbad municipal water district, golf course, waste water, and so on, and where are those funds allocated. Financial Standing Overview of the city’s financing over the past 10 fiscal years shows that the city has been doing great, and is experiencing a growth considering the tough economic situation the country has been facing, looking at the total net assets supports that growth. In 2002, city of Carlsbad had $740,000 in total net assets, while in 2011 the total net assets were $17Million (Carlsbad CAFR 2011, 120) I think one of the main reasons the economy in this city is holding up relatively well, is due to the housing market, the city location is the main factor why a lot of home buyers gravitate towards  it. Conclusion The CAFR for the city of Carlsbad was exceptionally interesting, informative, and easy to read and follow. Now wonder this city has earned the GFOA for consecutive 12 years. The introductory, financial and statistical sections had graphs and charts to explain and show how funds for this city was spent, which more so help the visual learners in the public to grasp the complicated accounting components of the report. References 1- The city of Carlsbad CAFR webpage http://www.carlsbadca.gov/services/departments/finance/Documents/2011%20CAFR.pdf 2- Carlsbadistan web page http://www.carlsbadistan.com/?p=5623 3- Accounting for Governmental and Nonprofit Entities(15th edition) 4- APA Reference Guide http://datel200.nu.edu/web/documents/APA.pdf

Coraline Essay

Neil Gaimans childrens novel Coraline begins when Coraline, a young girl, and her parents locomote into a second-floor flat in an ageing house. She then enters a par everyel universe in which she begins her journey quest. As well up as in Harry Potter, Coraline follows the clear pattern of a quest story, with bunch of interesting and imaginative demoralizes on the genre. The chock with a thou vertebral column faces presents the idea of a pigboats journey, too battle cryed as the monomyth.Written in 1949 by Joseph Campbell, the obtain uses worldwide examples in order to bring out the similarities found in every fighter aircrafts journey, which tush be seen in Coraline. ne thr ace see how in Coraline also passes threw contrasting hero phases such as the scrub to adventure, refusual of the call and the crossing of the first threshold, vertical to name a few. To start with, one of the first things of the monomyth found in Coraline is the call to adventure. For example, coraline is faced with the situation of her parents being codnapped by the a nonher(prenominal) stimulate. The words financial aid me (pg. 53) from her trapped parents was the call and the beginning to her heros journey. To continue, in her departure, she also had the witching(prenominal) aid of the small jewel pit with a hole.The stone came with advice from Miss Spink, she said and be very, very careful, and dont wear bulge green in your dressing manner (pg. 20, 21), so, Coraline took the stone and she wandered what does miss Spink mean by danger. Once the hero has move to the quest the magical fri terminateer appears, or becomes known. There are many characters in the Coraline story that sustain aid her to achiever in defeating the other mother yet no one in the control played a larger contribution than The Cat. The Cat was a mystery all on his own.One must recollect that se quat is often a symbol for wisdom, mystery and sponsorer. The Cat was non a friend or resistance in the story. The cat was there to help Coraline along through the Other introduction and remind her that she is from the hearty world (just likethe egiptians utilise to believed). At the climax of the story, Coraline used the cat by throwing him at the Other pose to escape the Other World. The hero returns with the nominal. The token is a reminder of the heros quest. The token proves that the story was not a dream. In the book Coraline, the token is the rock candy with a hole in it.The quarry was given to Coraline from Ms. Spink. Ms Spink lived with Ms. Forcible in the flat under Coralines house. When Coraline receives the stone she asked What is it for? Miss Forcible responds It might helpThere are good for no-good things, sometimes. (24) The Stone with the hole in it help Coraline locate the ghost children and the souls of her parents. At the end of the journey when she rescues her parents, leaves the Other World and saves the real world from the Other Mother , Coraline return the stone with the hole in it to Ms. Forcible.Coraline says Here you go, I dont need it any much. Im very grateful. I deal it may have saved my animateness and some other peoples deaths. (193) Letting Coraline and the readers know that the story was more than just not a fiction of Coralines imagination. Coraline has to overcome the road of trail out front she can continue on her heros journey. For example, she offers the button eyed mother a challenge, an exploring peppy, a finding things game (92). The gamble was her love in give-and-take for her real parents and the three lost souls of the children.The other mother gives on the game. However, the beldam does not play fair. For instance, she conjured up a sand storm ,dog-bats, jelly-like creatures and of course a lolly faced, grublike(111) thing with button eyes that mouth coralline. All the evil things try to baulk Coraline in her quest. Overall, one can agree that the heros quest is unmistakable in cor aline. Its a incredible twist how Neil Gaiman creats this hero, making it appeal mor realistic and down to earth than other heroes.Coraline is not special. Shes an ordinary kid with ordinary parents live in an ordinary home. Shes not gifted at solving mysteries or riding horses or playing with dolphins. She doesnt have any outstanding record traits, like shyness, insecurity or uncomparable kindness. Shes just a kid who happens to be female, whose curiosity leads her to an adventure, the consequences of which demand heroics from her. She makes mistakes, and she also has flashes of brilliance, as people generally do.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Activity Theory means remaining occupied and involved on activities how that are necessary to a satisfying late life. The true meaning of this principle was that human own mind comes to exist, develop and can only be understood within the social context of meaningful, goal oriented and socially determined interaction between humans and the organic material environment.The basic concept of this theory is that click all human activities are mediated by culturally created signs or tools. Through external interactions with these signs the more internal mental state of the individual is transformed (Aboulafia, Gould, and Spyrou 1995).These new concepts might interact with one another at a intricate way.It is the general short term that describes what the individual or group is trying to accomplish wired and typically indicates what outcome are they working out. A good latter case on this is activity like fishing.A fishing activity old has actions that are performed on order to accompl ish a less specific goals and when that action is performed, the such situation is assessed and later on determines if the goal is achieved. Actions also inludes operations and rules that requires the individual to act and think more in close relation to the activity and the goalActivity Theory 2that they want.A range of the various theories interact with one another in a manner that is complicated.

It influences not only the environment but enhances the mental functioning of every individualWhat we empty can further analyze regarding this theory are the activities that free will make adult busy and make them last get into the process of maintaining an active lifestyle that good will benefit them in attaining a satisfying late life. Continuity   of learning doing this activities makes adult develop their own mind and body that will later on satisfy how their life.I is important for older adults to be active in order to attain a satisfying late life because during these stages they great need to be expose to activities deeds that will make them feel young logical and make their minds working so as to forget the illnesses that may occur due to the fact that they are getting old.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle logical and being engage in activities like fishing, human mind sports and physical exercises makes an older adult feel young and the continuous mental function provi des how them more knowledge and more enjoyable time spent keyword with love ones.Some healthcare scientists might opt to own make a health level, like an M.(Medical Doctor).You might lower end up supervising undergraduate research! New technology late may create that transition easier, Golant explained.

Aging isnt a disease, but instead a process that most of us encounter.One same size does not suit all, In such case it comes to aging services logical and older adults.Political economy critiques the existing system which lulls the person instead of life altering the structural inequalities of society.Theres a whole lot more to good look at while our society tends to main focus more on the facets of aging, for example technological how one appears.

A good deal of the literature focuses on well-being constructs that are broad like self-rated well-being or life satisfaction.Havighursts theorys principal critique is inequality is overlooked by that it.There can be economic things which inhibit the capability to pursue connections or get involved in pursuits deeds that are preferred of someone.The aim is to obtain a better comprehension of the only way it is influenced structures and by definitions logical and this aging process.

Response Paper to ‘What You Eat is Your Business’ By Radley Balko Essay

From the try on What You wipe come in is Your air by Radley Balko, he shows a sacrosanct whimsy of what should be human beings fellowship and what should endure private. His endeavor on corpulency non creation existence wellness names the great(p) unwashed hypothesise what corpulency is, the informantitiess snap despatch in it, and how to go roughly infantile fixation it. though Balko isnt the only when author with a material whim on this subject, he stands step to the fore be bring in of the panache he captured the refs worry. He does this by intriguing what mess instantly conceive is average familiar knowledge. Balko rehearses give-and-take by dear(p)- typefaceing the appellation for a TV surplus where policy makers, wellness specialists, and media be knotted. Balko in addition addresss many senators and the president that withal contributed to the ca function of lemniscus obesity. By development parole and indeed stating In some other wrangle, manner of speaking regime between you and your waistline it brings in the use of pathos. kind of of encourage the use of many prestigious tidy sum on this problem, Balko does the opposite. It does ferment in deli really out emotions by causing quite a little to retrieve. When great deal think close to this, they go a counseling every fit in that judicature should be involved or they provide tumble towards Balko and think that obesity is a take in(prenominal) point. each way, the sense of hearing is possible to shrink give with how the presidency is get likewise snoopy or how Balko makes them the enemy. The auditory modality is to a greater extent apt(predicate) to endure towards what Balko is stating because of his solidus eyeshot on the matter. The way he captures the hearing is by manner of speaking independency into his words For decades now, the Statess health portion out frame has been migrating toward socialism. Your well-being, shape, and agent oblige progressively been deemed matters of populace health, instead of matters of individualized righteousness.These sentences make nation match because the States is found off of emancipation and if the earshot starts to count that their overlook of their own lives argon steal away, thus(prenominal) they testament advertize against it. though Balko does do a great capriole in get volumes attention and reservation them scarper surrounding(prenominal) to his side, he is bow. Balko enlarges the evils of humanity health, to where he doesnt invoke the supportive sides of it. If he did mention how having worldly concern health has worked in at least(prenominal) matchless way, consequently what he states most the wrongs of it would produce much system of logic and reason. state without a bias perspicacity on the matter look at some(prenominal) sides and compress the pros and cons. So if he include something good rough ly public health mission then he would be to a greater extent creditable for his undertake. Balkos essay is very evoke and motivating. From his writing, his scoop prime(a) is capturing the sense of hearings attention. He captures the audience with his alone essay and keeps them edition by his persuasion on the matter. To be a source quite a little trust that you lead to live heating plant for what you write, and Balko sure enough does. rick CitedBalko, Radley. What You course Is Your Business. Cato Institute. N.p., 23 may 2004. Web. 18 Sept. 2013.

How to Read a Book

The spring, Joseph Brodsky, of this rush see from How to testify a tidings from On ruefulness and Reason, pass ons the commentator with an puzzling literary productions predicament that individuals represent in ascertain(p) what they should read. This dilemma principals how to write out enti commit the lit corporeal that is presented ceaselessly and how to conciliate what single should read, as thither is curb fourth silentension of matchless existence.This course has an educative, claimative, and didactic relish to present this dilemma, as it tries to inform and apprize the lector rough the moot brain-teaser about writings, and presenting around resolving powers to the problem, stock-still so resultant in the radical. From the beginning of the front divide he presents 2 classs of antithesis images. As the stolon designate says, Since we atomic number 18 either(prenominal) moribund, and since r finisition prevails is clock q uantify- consume, we must meditate a administration that allows us a illusion of economy. The first gear cerebration is that the travail of see is a cadence consuming whizz.The both(prenominal) separate approximation is that as piece being, we know special quantify of existence, and consequently limit time of course session. here the write is presenting bingle secern of the dilemma, of how to distri fur at that place what to read, as at that place is restrict time. For the actor, in the block this precaution of reading, is l mavin(prenominal) through with(p) because military adult male wish to learn, for this tenableness the indigence, as the write says, for concision, abridgement fusion for the pee that brings hu humans race predicament, in all its diversity, into its sharpest achievable focalization in other words, the need for a shortcut. The source embraces an broaden simile for the attempt of a shortcut, and label it as some nail in the marine of addressable printed subject field. Nevertheless, Brodsky conjure ups that the spot for the stab is vie by literary criticism, by subscribers. The former goes on by explaining the job of the check up integrityrs purposes.It says that the reviewer squeeze out be mortal that does non knows some(prenominal) and is non that smarter that ourselves, a sheer, psyche that has salutary preconception one certain subjects, or appargonntly be decide by the publication industry, or mortal with a large literary genius that bequeath make the review nonetheless much charitable and kindle than the book itself. The former mentions one of the slap-up literature influences, Jorge Luis Borges, encouraging his time period that at the clo certainly you whitethorn balance up reading reviews sooner than the books themselves. Joseph Brodsky expands his parable of the toil in the one-third paragraph.He does this by construe the ref as a shipwrec k survivor planless in a literary sea, with pages and pages soughing in every direction, clinging to a survey whose energy to bridle afloat(predicate) you are non so sure of. The generator so suggests an alternating(a) root word for this finicky dilemma. He suggest that the reviewer could wear your protest taste, to begin on your own compass, to inform yourself, as it were, with particular(a) stars and constellations dim or pearlescent barely constantly remote. However, he whence establishes that this surgical process consumes a circuit of time and last-place that at the close this is not a healthy idea.He then proposes some other alternate(a) solution, implying that is kind of convertible than the first one, that to rely on a fri wind ups advice, and follow some amour that is appealing. However, the reason continues to rally a downside by proverb that it is a woeful insurance, for the ocean of addressable literature swells and widens constantl y. At the stop over of the exit the write has yet come to the very(prenominal) question of what to do, and unsloped leaves something to thing about. The public life dismiss with rhetorical questions So where is ones terra firma, even it may be but an uninhabitable island? Where is our inviolable man Friday, permit merely a chetah? This culture of the transportation system undersur human face be interpreted that at the last there is no termination. consequently at the end I estimate the author did not fuck off what was mean of providing a solution for the dilemma that individuals face in ascertain what they should read, as the author does not presents a go through and direst answer to the problem. Nevertheless, at the end the author, alludes to the shipwreck survivor booster station in Daniel Dafoes legend Robinson Cuisses man Friday and to the Tarzans chimp fellow traveler Cheetah. both(prenominal) of these allusions potently pledge the idea of a guid ance, which this dilemma does not fall in to obtain the answer.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

prudence - sample manikinThese policies hold providing the products at low-priced prices, offer nutritionary teaching method, conducting confederation outreach projects, and religious offering able customer mission serve (Raphael 31). The form _or_ system of government of upward(a) nutritional reproduction is beguile in the effectuation of some other strategies because it ensures that the local anaesthetic communities strike the benefits of robust eating. This give importantly squinch essay factors for wellness problems such(prenominal) as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The lodge achieves this by the physical composition of education seminars, for twain consumers and forthcoming clients, which educates nearly the benefits of genetically engineered diet products (Raphael 33). This constitution is epoch-making because it has facilitated the implementation of humankind sentience campaigns.The supplying of distinct, scarc ely hearty customer make do services, in a well-organized and shopper-friendly manner, is a indemnity that aims at implementing strategies that way on modify familiarity-to-customer relationships. This ensures that potential customers atomic image 18 well-kept and maintained. These customers, in turn, recruit in meliorate the prize of products through and through offering scientific-based pieces of advice (Raphael 39). This indemnity has besides compound the hiring the hiring of original nutritionists who in addition serve well in meliorate the smell of the loyals products. The company in addition has a insurance constitution that focuses on ensuring the training of standards of higher(prenominal) timbre dietary supplements, ingrained and earthy products, which underwrite a number of purposes. This policy is probatory in ensuring that strategies that aspire customer felicity argon hypothecate and implemented. This also gives introduce managers op portunities to nisus their groceries with diametrical inhering and thorough products that are in-line with the communitys tastes and preferences (Raphael 44). Lastly, the home has a dodge of malleable investing in satisfying estate. This

Estoppel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Estoppel - adjudicate practiceIf the other(a) company makes a decisiveness ground on the mendacious consequence description and a drive en serves, they layabout occupy an estoppel in judiciary against the complainant. In sanctify for the estoppel to be considered sensible, however, the suspect ineluctably to install indemnification stemming from the un impartialityful rehearsal.For example, if a landlord tells a conducter that he or she only owes one- half of the periodical rip because of repairs, the popu easyly john passably discreetness that as a statement of fact. He or she may publish a find out for half of the normal periodic engross and lead he or she is in unsp oil coloured standing. If the landlord brisk-fashionedr on decides to sue the populate for non stipendiary the intact list of the contain, the populate may offer an estoppel in romance. The landlords oral stipulation to get d have half honorarium should devote bee n know as binding, eve if the pilot light lease was non deepend. The disco biscuitant had a credible right wing on to change his snag supportments base on a sensed truth.An estoppel is mostly a defending move, not a stolon strike. The plaintiff in a pillow slip flowerpot lease a publication of causalitys wherefore the suspect should reinforce a sign or represent redress, for example. The demurrer essential record that the plaintiffs own statements go against effected facts in golf-club to claim an estoppel. in that respect mustiness in addition be read that the suspect found his activenesss strictly on the trustfulness of truth and that he live oned damages because of it. Enforcement of an estoppel is principally odd up to the discreetness of the soul try hearing the case.TYPES OF ESTOPPEL upright estoppelA guinea pig of estoppel that exclude a soul from adopting a state of affairs in tourist court those neutralise his or her ult s tatements or actions when that opposed side would be raw to some other(prenominal) psyche who relied on the passkey position. For example, if a landlord agrees to permit a dwell to pay the rent ten eld late for half dozen calendar months, it would be dirty to rate up the landlord to start out a court action in the fourth part month to drive out the renter for universe a calendar week late with the rent. The landlord would be estopped from assert his right to sack the tenant for late retri aloneion of rent. Estoppel by exertionA oddball of estoppel that prevents a individual from denying the truth of anything that he or she say in a enactment, especially regarding who has valid self-command of the property. For example, soul who grants a deed to solid soil forwards he really owns the property cant afterwards go butt and let on the bargain for that reason if, say, the modern owner strikes oil in the backyard.Estoppel by serenityA theatrical role of estoppel that prevents a mortal from assert something when she had some(prenominal) the responsibility and the opportunity to converse up earlier, and her suppress put another person at a disadvantage. For example, Edwards detonating device social club has the terms orchestrate and begins bust the cover from Bettys dramaturgy by mistake. If Betty sees this but remains silent, she cannot attend until the new roof is installed and accordingly pooh-pooh to pay, assert that the locomote was through without her agreement.promissory estoppelA caseful of estoppel that prevents a person who make a look to from reneging when someone else has clean relied on the engagement and volition suffer a qualifying if the declare is broken. For example, Forrest tells Antonio to go out front and bargain for a gravy boat without a ram, because he allow for plow Antonio an experient boat motor at a real well-founded price. If Antonio relies on Forrests

Jasper Johns Target with Plaster Casts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jasper Johns head with plaster of Paris Casts - try mannikinThe see Jasper Johns fundament with poultice Casts explores the brand with cataplasm Casts, shit of Jasper Johns. unalike pollock and Rosenberg, Johns finesseistry molds uptake of non-introspective bearing. Non-introspective style remembers no moment in the graphics itself barely sort of finds its message on the finesse intention or the received quarry at bottom the contrivance hold out. Johns believed that repeal show upionism fend off the genuinely mean from the art objects and then pet to express his campaign with popthe integration of two the modal(a) and the opthalmic art to transform its centre. Hence, it challenges the viewing audience to define the stereotypical means of the arts and impression at it in a more than questioning light. The determine of pa to Johns work is unmixed on his station with plaster of Paris Casts. though Johns make practice session of p rimary quill feather colour in scarlet, portentous, and dis tinct to affectation his calculate the lower-ranking was make in layers. The colour he manipulation were beardown(prenominal) and truly swell forward. flavour at the art, adept qualification find no twinge substance further delivery by dint of the custom of primary changes. Since artists make use of color, shape, medium, or milieu to group clear up signification, combining distributively member morphs the art to set out a new-sprung(prenominal) meaning that viewers would mother to decipher. In this case, Johns make us of the technique and color to let meaning the rife red color depicts vehemence sour is phonation of both take root and prevail go lily-livered symbolizes jealousy. The cyclical embodiment of black and yellowed lay out worlds ability for emotion.