Gender Roles During Modern Europe - 1485 Words

Gender roles in early modern Europe were ultimately characterized by the culture forces that shaped the period, particularly through religion, literature and art, and through the establishment and the execution of the law. Men and women’s roles and responsibilities as husbands and wives and as fathers and mothers were principally imposed by these cultural facets. While economic pressures did influence gender roles, their overall impact was less than that of their cultural counterparts. Religion, notably marked by the Protestant and Catholic Reformations, arguably prevails as the dominant cultural force in the shaping of gender roles in early modern period. Men and women’s duties as husbands and wives were framed by Christian beliefs,†¦show more content†¦Moreover, in response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Reformation strove to reaffirm its authoritarian position through renewing its own traditional doctrines of chastity and celibacy as well as wri ting their own marriage manuals, which were nearly identical to those of Protestants, excepting the reiteration of female inferiority. Additionally, Judaism defined gender roles similar to Catholicism, placing the woman in passive and pointedly inferior positions. Therefore, religion, notably Protestantism, Catholicism, and Judaism alike, created gender ideals, particularly for women. Literature and art, including that of Christians and of secular society, were pivotal to the construction and circulation of early modern gender roles. The invention of the printing press reinforced gender roles by actualizing them through print, specifically by focusing on married life and interactions between husbands and wives. According to Hufton, Christian literature was intended to be read aloud by the male family head and were designed to aid in achieving eternal life by outlining the standards for the perfect husband, wife, son, and daughter. For literature that specificallyShow MoreRelatedWomen s First Wave Of Feminism Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesand gender binaries. Newfound research pertaining to female History helps us to better understand modern social constructs and how they were established. Starting with the late eighteenth century, which marks the transition from pre-industrialization to the emergence of economic development in Europe, and then closely followi ng with the American Industrial Revolution. During the rise of the industrial revolution and the eighteenth century came the conception of the classification of gender and sexRead MoreThe Early Modern Period Of European History1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Early Modern period in European history was a time of great upheaval, one that lead to shifting and changing views and policies in many fields; among these many historically important changes was the very beginning of the women’s rights movement. Although full-scale change in equality for women was (and some might say still is) quite distant from this time period, the embryo that will eventually grow into feminism and gender equality can be seen during this time period through the primary sourceRead MoreThe Witch-Hunts of the 16th Century in Pre-Modern Europe Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesWitch-Hunts of the 16th century in pre-modern Europe, was a very gruesome time in human history. Countless people were executed as th ey were accused of being â€Å"witches†, primarily women. Through the decades, countless historians have been puzzled trying to find an explanation and answer the following question, were the Witch-Hunts in pre-modern Europe Misogynistic? Anne Llewellyn Barstow suggests in her paper â€Å"On Studying Witchcraft as Women’s History†, that during this time women were indeed accusedRead MorePolitical Roles During The French Revolution Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesassociations formed during this period was notable for its capabilities to promulgate political enfranchisement for women. In this essay, I would discuss in-depth the banning of women’s clubs and political associations during the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. I would be focusing on the political roles women undertook during the Revolution, and the reasons for the subsequent denial of women’s political participation. Why is women’s political participation important in Europe? Because women wereRead MoreCulture, Education, And Power Of South East Asia1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout the world as Europeans owned colonies in Asia, Africa, America and Australia. During the time of colonialism, the inferior natives found it hard to break cultural barriers and look past the gender divides. Shortly after the Europeans established dominance over the native people of their controlled land, discrimination between races and furthermore among class became prominent. In Southeast Asia during the time of colonialism, Europeans represented the upper class, Indos made up the middleRead MoreLgbt History And The Modern Era1737 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority of groups of people and historical events. This essay will prove that there is a problematic issue where LGBT lives and existences are being erased throughout history and the modern era. Throughout, it will be explained how these groups of people are being underrepresented within history, major wars, and the modern era. History covers a very broad spectrum of time, with recorded history going as far back as five thousand years. Yet, within this period of five thousand years, history books implementedRead MoreEssay on Review: Making of the Middle Ages899 Words   |  4 Pagestoday. Observing that this book was published during the 1950s, Mr. Southern’s interpretation of the ‘Middle Ages’ was very distinctive in comparison to other historians of his time. He explores the significance of the Middle Ages as a separate sector in the study of history by which the audience will notice that previous categories of studied history is set aside, as we are no longer focusing on the usual ‘Classical Greece’ and ‘Rome’ in shaping the modern world, but the ‘Middle Ages’ as an entity onRead MoreWomen s View Of A Patriarchal World1279 Words   |  6 Pagespatriarchal world, the idea of women as an inferiority to men was inevitable. However, the idea of wom en being â€Å"the wicked of all wickedness† (Kramer) elevated such view into what we know as misogyny. The medieval witch trials exemplifies the product of gender specific hatred outweighing the initial view of religious cleansing and stability. Thus, one argues that while both men and women were accused of being witches, the driving force behind such hysterical event was a fear or hatred of women by authorities-Read MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Middle Of The Twentieth Century1480 Words   |  6 Pagescentury were driven to explore. Shipping by sea was becoming popular. In the 1400s many European monarchs faced a problem, as they tried to import spices and silks from China and India, they were threatened by the Ottoman Empire who controlled Eastern Europe as well as the Venetian traders who economically ruled the Mediterranean Sea with high tariffs. To avoid being subservient to the Ottomans and Venice, the monarchies of Spain and Portugal, as well as other European countries began commissioning fleetsRead MoreErnest Hemmingway: Shifting Gender Roles in The Sun Also Rises782 Words   |  3 PagesSTUDY IN GENDER AND SEXUALITY† states that Hemingway was commonly known for portraying the sterile and disillusioned environment created by the massive human loss of World War I. Perhaps his exposure to the atrocious nature of war as a Red Cross ambulance driver in the Europ e during World War I aided and further influenced his literary capturing of warfare and how it had affected the â€Å"Lost Generation†. Hemingway himself popularized this term, it indicates the coming of age generation during World War

The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla

The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, also referred to as the father of Mexican independence, began his life on May 8, 1753. He was born on the ranch of San Vincente, the estate of San Diego Corraljo, in the Jurisdiction of Pà ©njamo, Guanajuato.[1] His parents were Don Cristà ³bal Hidalgo y Costilla and Doà ±a Ana Marà ­a Gallaga. Miguel Hidalgo was a Creole, meaning that he was born of pure Spanish blood in a province of Spain.[2] Don Cristà ³bal and Doà ±a Ana Marà ­a conceived three more sons subsequent to Miguel. All of their sons were beneficiaries to the reign of Carlos III in Spain. Carlos III allowed admittance of Creoles to colleges and universities, thus inspiring Creole fathers to send their†¦show more content†¦Following this accomplishment, Hidalgo spent time in Valladolid where he lectured in Latin, Philosophy, and the principles of Theology at San Nicolà ¡s.[12] In 1773 Hidalgo returned to the University of Mexico for his second Bachelor degree in Theolo gy. In 1774 Hidalgo won a prize for the best dissertation on the â€Å"The True Method of Studying Theology.† Then in 1778 he was ordained as a priest either in Valladolid or the City of Mexico.[13] During, as well as following, his academic career Hidalgo spent the majority of his time in Valladolid. His occupations included Rector of the college of San Nicolà ¡s, teacher, and cleric. It has been stated that â€Å"many of the heroes of the revolutionary period were native of Valladolid or its vicinity, or were at one time resident there.† Beginning in 1785 in Colima, Hidalgo engaged himself in parochial work, and in 1793 took the position of curate of the parish church in San Filipe.[14] It was in the year 1800 that the inquisition became suspicious of Hidalgo. He was denounced by Fray Joaquin Huesca for unorthodox utterances. A report issued thereafter by the Michoacan commissioner claimed that â€Å"Hidalgo was a most learned man who had ruined himself with gambling and women, that he had read prohibited books and while a professor of theology he had taught from Jansenist works.†[15] As no hard evidence of these accusations surfaced, the paperwork was filed away for future reference. In 1801, Hidalgo began hisShow MoreRelatedMexican American War : The United States Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst England and looking for a means of expressing their frustration with three centuries of European rule. By 1810, these intellectuals had found a leader Fray Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a disgruntled and womanizing priest who had been exiled to the dusty backwater Mexican town of Dolores because of his inability to control his indiscretions. On Sept. 16, 1810, Hidalgo sounded the call to revolution with the famous Grito de Dolores that would resonate throughout the rest of Mexican history.Read MoreEssay about History1475 Words   |  6 Pagesidentified as , had executed on July 28, 1794. Subsequently, in the Reaction, the system of the Reign of Terror was eliminated, Jacobins who participated were forced out of public life, and the Constitution of the established a bicameral legislature and an executive body called the . Russia Under Catherine the Great a. Soon after Tsar took power in 1745, he was removedRead MoreEssay on Hst276 R2 Week51516 Words   |  7 Pagesidentified as , had executed on July 28, 1794. Subsequently, in the Reaction, the system of the Reign of Terror was eliminated, Jacobins who participated were forced out of public life, and the Constitution of the established a bicameral legislature and an executive body called the . Russia Under Catherine the Great a. Soon after Tsar took power in 1745, he was removedRead MoreHis/276 Essay example2012 Words   |  9 PagesJacobins who participated were forced out of public life, and the Constitution of the Year III established a bicameral legislature and an executive body called the Directory. II. Identify at least one element of the culture of Revolutionary France for each of the following categories. One example is provided: for that category, identify at least one additional cultural element. * | Cultural elements of Revolutionary France | intellectual contributions | * | artistic forms | Read MoreRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 PagesFrench colonial possessions in the Americas and in India. 2. The unprecedented costs of the wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries drove European governments to seek new sources of revenue at a time when the intellectual environment of the Enlightenment inspired people to question and to protest the state’s attempts to introduce new ways of collecting revenue. B. The Enlightenment and the Old Order 1. The Enlightenment thinkers sought to apply the

Levels Of Achievement Need Free Essays

Conceptual Framework Study habits and academic performance of the working students have attracted increased attention among the university teachers and students with the aim of knowing and understanding the reasons, problems and other factors affecting them. This may empower them for lifelong learning to their journey to success hindered by their busy schedules and always no time to their study and academic performance. In Surigao State College of Technology the study habits and academic performance of working students give any positive and or negative impact on their grades depending on how they cope with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Levels Of Achievement Need or any similar topic only for you Order Now Figure 1.The Research Paradigm The research paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study that shows the relationship of the input, process and output of the topic. This framework embodies the specific direction by which the research will have to be undertaken by describing the relationship between specific variables identified in the study. The input consists of the research method applied in conducting the research regarding the study habits and academic performance of the working students. Qualitative research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviours of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies. The process on the other hand shows how the research being conducted through defining the problem/s of the research first and gather the required data relevant to the research from the respondents through answering the questionnaires. The output as a result, will indicate the general view of the situation on how the behavior and performance of a student relates on their study habit and academic performance. Conclusions are to be made to know and define the outcome of this study and give justification to the research. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the levels of achievement needed and the academic performance of self-supporting student in Surigao State College of Technology particularly the students of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English, from first year to third year college students. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions, 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of their: a. Gender; b. Age; c. Monthly Income of their Parents; 2. What is the academic performance of working students from first year to third year in all of their major subjects in English? 3. Is there significant relationship between academic performance of the respondents and the profile of the students with regardsto: a. Gender; b. Age; c. Monthly Income of their Parents; 4. What are the study habits of the first year to third Year Collegeworking students? 5. Is there significant relationship between the study habits and the academic performance of the respondents? How to cite Levels Of Achievement Need, Papers

Britain and America Essay Example For Students

Britain and America Essay This essay will look at how different ideals and views of childhood are portrayed in children’s literature from a chronological perspective. The focus will be on English language literature printed for children and popular titles across different time periods will be discussed. The various discourses of childhood evident within literature will be highlighted, noting the changes that have occurred over time and the reasons behind this. One of the earliest examples of literature written specifically for children can be found in 15th century ‘courtesy books’. These were often written in rhyming verse and had a clear instructional focus rather than a narrative form. For example, Child over men’s houses no stones fling Nor at glass windows no stones sling Nor make no crying, jokes nor plays In holy Church on holy days (From The Babees’ Book (15th century) text modernised by John Rowe Townsend, 1990, p. 4, cited in Hall, 2003, p. 137) Courtesy books reflected the dominant Puritanical discourse of the time in Britain and America. This model of childhood was based on the Christian concept of ‘original sin’ and saw children as naturally sinful and in need of control and correction. The ominous consequences of misbehaviour were sometimes given in explicit details to frighten children into obedience, warning of the ‘Curse of God’ and ‘Utter Darkness’ of Hell for those that disobeyed parents. During this period, story books were not considered necessary for children and fiction was generally disliked as it could lead to children developing vain fantasies and unchristian ideals. These attitudes can still be found today in more extreme faith groups, in particular towards the fantasy genre. (Hall, 2003, p. 137) A turning point in popular attitudes in Britain came with the theories of philosopher John Locke published in this book Some Thoughts Concerning Education in 1693. He believed children were born with minds like ‘blank slates’, or tabula rasa in Latin, with individual thoughts and ideas. It was their experiences and upbringing that taught them how to behave. He suggested an education for children based on love, kindness and gentle nurture with positive promotion of learning where children could ‘play themselves in what others are whipped for’, which was in stark contrast to Puritanical concepts. In terms of literature in particular, children should be given ‘some easy, pleasant book, suited to his capacity’ (Hall, 2003, p. 138) with enjoyment as the incentive for further reading. The influence of Locke’s concepts was wide reaching and was adopted by the famous publisher and author John Newbery, a pioneer in children’s print literature. John Newbery wrote, printed and sold books during the 18th century and is credited with popularising literature directed at and written for children, a new concept at the time. He wrote over 30 books for children, including the Little Pretty Pocket Book in 1744, which was clearly aimed at engaging and entertaining children, with easy language, pictures and included simple incentives such as letters written by characters to the readers. One of his most popular works The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes, from 1765, told the story of an orphaned girl who teaches herself to read and becomes a successful teacher, ‘a model of enlightened teaching, kindness patience in adversity’ leading a life of ‘unparalleled generosity’.