Diabetes Mellitus And The Long Term Complications

Introduction The idea of this paper is to give a general idea of diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, role factors and complications that arise from it, comparing and exhibiting the distinctions between type I type II diabetes, the people who are in jeopardy of developing diabetic renal diseases and hypertension due to the complications identifying the general pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus the long term complications that may transpire. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus is one of the very prevalent metabolic diseases that affect about 6% of the population. The number of diabetic patients will reach 300 million in 2025. (International Diabetes Federation, 2001) Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs†¦show more content†¦(Rosella L, 2012) The environmental factors include: drugs and toxic agents, obesity, viral infection and physical inactivity. Genetic factors include inheritance, for example, if the parents have type II diabetes, the child would have a much higher chance of having it as well. (Karin C. VanMeter, 2014) Compare and contrast Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus Type I diabetes mellitus is a diverse disorder characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. The majority causes related to an autoimmune-mediated destruction of beta cells; small minority causes are related to an idiopathic destruction or failure of beta cells. This type of diabetes is more severe. (Karin C. VanMeter, 2014) Patients that are diagnosed with this type of diabetes are dependent on insulin. The amount of insulin required is equaled to the metabolic needs of the body based on the patient’s dietary intake and their levels of metabolic activity. Acute complications include hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. (Karin C. VanMeter, 2014) Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. This complication develops when the body does not produce enough insulin. Type I diabetes is a major factor predisposing to cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, amputation, kidney failure and blindness. (Karin C. VanMeter, 2014)